Perioperative
This refers to the patient's autonomous decision to have surgery or not after discussing risks, benefits, and other treatment options with the provider.
Informed consent
This is the most commonly occurring category of AKI (pre, intra, or post)
Prerenal AKI occurs in 60% to 70% of cases
Define hematochezia.
hematochezia: bright red, bloody stools
What diet order should the nurse anticipate for a patient with cholecystitis?
Initially NPO, later low-fat as tolerated
This may be the only indicator of the presence of a UTI in older adults who do not display the classic symptoms.
alteration in mentation, such as agitation, confusion, and delirium
This rare genetic disorder is triggered by certain anesthetic agents, leading to symptoms like muscle rigidity, tachycardia, tachypnea, and rapid changes in temperature.
malignant hyperthermia
Why might a nurse be concerned about a CT order for a patient with or at risk for an AKI?
Radiocontrast agents are directly toxic to the renal tubule - the risk for renal damage caused by radiocontrast media is highest in older adults and those with preexisting kidney disease, volume depletion, diabetes mellitus, and recent exposure to other nephrotoxic agents.
This organ is frequently associated with development of esophageal varices
Liver - obstruction of portal venous circulation within damaged liver, development of portal hypertension
This medication is the recommended emergency treatment for anaphylaxis.
epinephrine
List two potential symptoms you may see in a patient diagnosed with cellulitis
At site of plaque: redness, swelling/edema, tenderness/pain, heat, drainage
Systemic: fever, chills
This medication is used to treat malignant hyperthermia.
dantrolene
This is an example of an intrarenal cause of AKI.
Hemoglobinuria, rhabdomyolysis/myoglobinuria (from trauma, crush injuries, burns), nephrotoxic antibiotics, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs, lead or mercury, contrast, or damage from infectious processes like acute glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis
Why is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) associated with PUD?
In ZES - benign or malignant tumors form in the pancreas and duodenum and secrete excessive amounts of gastrin, resulting in gastric hyperacidity, severe peptic ulcer disease
This minimally invasive procedure is a standard surgical treatment for conditions like cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Children are recommended to receive the HPV vaccine at this age.
11 - 12 years of age
A Caffeine Halothane Contracture Test is used to determine a patient's susceptibility to what condition?
malignant hyperthermia
List the four phases of an AKI.
initiation, oliguria, diuresis, and recovery
List two potential causes of PUD.
H. pylori, chronic NSAID use, smoking, alcohol use, stress, ZES
Elevation of these two enzymes are associated with acute pancreatitis.
Lipase, amylase
List three potential risk factors for delirium.
pre-existing cognitive impairment, sleep deprivation, immobility, visual impairment, hearing impairment, dehydration, certain medications, age
This may occur after prolonged anesthesia, when the tongue and jaw fall backward and obstruct the airway.
hypopharyngeal obstruction
What is the RIFLE classification system?
RIFLE stands for risk, injury, failure, loss, and ESKD - describes assessment of three grades of severity and two outcome-level classifications.
This procedure involves inserting esophageal and gastric balloons and may be used to temporarily control bleeding from varices
balloon tamponade
These are the five cardinal signs of inflammation.
Redness, warmth, swelling, pain, loss of function
List the 5 "P's" used to guide the nursing interview when assessing a patient with a suspected STI
partners, practices, protection from STIs, past history of STIs, pregnancy intention/prevention