Perfusion
This is a lab test that may be used to help diagnose an MI.
Troponin, creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin
This is the most commonly occurring category of AKI (pre, intra, or post)
Prerenal AKI occurs in 60% to 70% of cases
Define hematochezia.
hematochezia: bright red, bloody stools
List two potential symptoms you may see in a patient diagnosed with cellulitis
At site of plaque: redness, swelling/edema, tenderness/pain, heat, drainage
Systemic: fever, chills
This supplement may help reduce the rate of recurrent UTIs.
daily cranberry - especially in form of capsules
This is the standard imaging test used in diagnosis of DVT.
US
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury is a major cause of hospital-acquired AKI. If use of contrast cannot be avoided, what would the nurse expect to see ordered?
Prehydration with IV normal saline - considered the most effective method to prevent contrast-induced AKI.
This organ is frequently associated with development of esophageal varices
Liver - obstruction of portal venous circulation within damaged liver, development of portal hypertension
This may be the only indicator of the presence of a UTI in older adults who do not display the classic symptoms.
alteration in mentation, such as agitation, confusion, and delirium
Acute coronary syndrome is a spectrum - list the conditions included.
Unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI
This procedure is preferred as the initial treatment for acute MI in all age groups and should be performed less than 60 minutes after arrival to ER.
Emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
This is an example of an intrarenal cause of AKI.
Hemoglobinuria, rhabdomyolysis/myoglobinuria (from trauma, crush injuries, burns), nephrotoxic antibiotics, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs, lead or mercury, contrast, or damage from infectious processes like acute glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis
List two potential causes of PUD.
H. pylori, chronic NSAID use, smoking, alcohol use, stress
Children are recommended to receive the HPV vaccine at this age.
11 - 12 years of age
This term refers to an accumulation of nitrogenous wastes (urea nitrogen, uric acid, and creatinine) in the blood
azotemia
What would the nurse expect to see in medical management of stable PE?
immediate anticoagulation to prevent recurrence/ extension of thrombus (examples - LMWH, unfractionated heparin, rivaroxaban)
long-term anticoagulation (warfarin, LMWH, or other DOACs) up to 6 months following PE, or longer if high risk for recurrence
List the four phases of an AKI.
initiation, oliguria, diuresis, and recovery
This procedure involves inserting esophageal and gastric balloons and may be used to temporarily control bleeding from varices
balloon tamponade
Define pyelonephritis.
a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys
A provider may order this diagnostic scan to diagnose PE if a CT angiogram is not available or otherwise not used for a patient.
V./Q. scan
List three potential signs of a PE.
Dyspnea, chest pain, anxiety, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, cough, hemoptysis, diaphoresis, and syncope
What is the RIFLE classification system?
RIFLE stands for risk, injury, failure, loss, and ESKD - describes assessment of three grades of severity and two outcome-level classifications.
A patient with PUD asks if they should make any changes to their diet - list 2 recommendations the nurse can include in their education.
Avoid temperature extremes in food/drinks, spicy or acidic foods, overstimulation from the consumption of alcohol/coffee/caffeinated beverages
Eat three regular meals a day (small, frequent meals not necessary as long as an antacid or an H2 blocker is taken)
List the 5 "P's" used to guide the nursing interview when assessing a patient with a suspected STI
partners, practices, protection from STIs, past history of STIs, pregnancy intention/prevention
What is Virchow's triad?
Three factors believed to play a significant role in development of DVT/PE: endothelial damage, venous stasis, and altered coagulation
(see Hinkle p. 845)