Earthquakes
What is an Earthquake
A shaking/quaking of the Earth (due to movement of tectonic plates)
What was the super-continent that Alfred Wegener proposed in the 1910's?
Pangea
What is the uppermost layer of the Earth?
The Crust
What is a tsunami?
A large wave caused by the displacement of water.
What is a volcano?
A mountain of cooled magma and lava that can spew lava from a mantle plume.
What causes an Earthquake?
Build-up of pressure between two tectonic plates suddenly being released.
Centimetres
What is the semi-liquid semi-solid layer of the Earth that contains convection currents
The Mantle
What can cause a tsunami?
Large amount of force transferred into a body of water.
Earthquake, meteor strike, landslide, explosion
Where do the majority of Volcanoes form?
plate boundaries.
What are the three types of seismic waves?
P (primary), S (secondary) and L (surface) waves.
At which plate boundary would you find a subduction zone?
A convergent plate boundary (between oceanic-oceanic or oceanic-continental)
Which layer is very hot but still solid due to the immense pressure upon it.
The inner core
How do tsunami's differ from normal waves?
Tsunami's can push far in land
Tsunami's affect the whole water column, not just the surface
What is it called when a volcano forms in the middle of a Tectonic Plate?
Hot-spot volcanism
Which seismic wave is the most destructive?
L (surface) waves
What were Alfred Wegener's 4 pieces of evidence to support his theory of tectonic plates? (100 points per piece of evidence)
1. Puzzle piece tectonic plates
2. Evidence of different climates (glacial striations, coal deposits)
3. Fossil evidence found across oceans
4. Rock make-up is the same across oceans
What is the name of the puzzle piece like chunks of crust that move slowly over time?
Tectonic Plates
Describe 'Wave Shoaling'
When Tsunami's slow down as they get closer to the shore. They also get taller at this point.
What is the name of the famous 'supervolcano' in the USA
The Yellowstone supervolcano or caldera
If a person is standing at the epicentre of an Earthquake, where are they in relation to the FOCUS of the earthquake.
If two plate boundaries are moving past each other like:
<-
->
What type of boundary is this?
Transform boundary
Why are early warning systems more effective than sea-walls and tide-breaks.
Because early warning devices can be used to evacuate people out of effected areas instead of relying on walls that sometimes fail.
How did the island chain of Hawaii form?
A mid plate hotspot that moved with the plate over time.