Launching the New Nation
Balancing Nationalism & Sectionalism
Reforming American Society
Expanding Markets & Moving West
Causes of the Civil War
The Civil War
Reconstruction
Changes on the Western Frontier
Practice w Docs
Connections and Conflicts
100
The supreme law of the United States of America. It replaced the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789.
The Constitution
100
Describe the difference between Nationalism and Sectionalism
Nationalism: A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country - focusing on what benefits the entire nation
vs.
Sectionalism: Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole.
100
the long era of social change (1820 - 1860), marked by the predominant desire to improve society based on the 2nd Great Awakening/spread of religion
Antebellum Reform Movements (1820-1860)
100
Which type of factory became increasingly common for women to work in, especially in Massachusetts?
textile factories/mills such as the Lowell Mills in Massachusetts
100
Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚ 30' within the Louisiana Territory (1820)
Missouri Compromise
100
Which side of the Civil War benefitted from these advantages:
1. Larger population
2. An industrial economy
3. Well-developed rail system
4. Experienced Government
Advantages of the Union
100
What was the goal of Reconstruction?
To bring the Southern states back into the Union/unify the country and rebuild the areas destroyed in the South from the Civil War
100
a minority group's adoption of the beliefs and way of life of the dominant culture
Assimilation
100
Excerpt from the South Carolina Declaration of Secession (1860)
"The States of the North have united in the election of a man to the high office of President of the United States, whose opinions and purposes are hostile to slavery. He is to be entrusted with the administration of the common government... The guarantee of the right of property in slaves is broken and destroyed."
According to the excerpt and your knowledge of U.S. history, which of the following was a key cause of South Carolina’s decision to secede from the Union?
The election of Lincoln, a president opposed to the expansion of slavery
100
How do Manifest Destiny and the Mexican American War connect?
Americans wanted to expand territory in the US, Mexico owned land in the west. Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-American War are closely connected because Manifest Destiny provided the motivation and justification for the war.
200
The first ten amendments to the Constitution, purpose is to protect individual liberties, first suggested/supported by the Antifederalists prior to ratifying the Constitution
The Bill of Rights
200
President Andrew Jackson favored the spoils system which meant what?
He preferred to give positions in the government to his political supporters.
200
goals of this movement: provide women with more rights: voting, property, and pay
leaders of this movement: Elizabeth Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B Anthony
Women's Reform Movement
200
Henry Clay's economic principles used in making the American system was really meant to help the American economy to rely on:
A. domestic manufacturing
B. U.S. production of goods to be self-sufficient
C. foreign made products
D. international trade
A. domestic manufacturing
B. U.S. production of goods
200
a law that was made more strict as part of the Compromise of 1850, designed to ensure that escaped slaves would be returned into bondage
Fugitive Slave Act
200
An executive order passed by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in all the regions behind Confederate lines - used as a military tactic to hurt the South, build the Union army, and change the moral cause of the war.
Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
200
Which Reconstruction Amendment would invalidate the Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case?
13th: abolished slavery
14th: provided citizenship to freed slaves/all born in the country
15th: provided voting rights to all men regardless of race
14th: provided citizenship to freed slaves/all born in the country
200
To help develop the American West and spur economic growth, Congress passed this act, which provided 160 acres of federal land to anyone who agreed to farm the land. The act distributed millions of acres of western land to individual settlers.
Homestead Act of 1862
200
Excerpt from Thomas Jefferson's Letter to James Madison (1791)
"I consider the foundation of the Constitution as laid on this ground: that all powers not delegated to the United States, by the Constitution, are reserved to the States or to the people. To take a single step beyond the boundaries thus specially drawn... is to take possession of a boundless field of power, no longer susceptible of any definition."
Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of early U.S. political parties, how did the Dem-repubs view state and federal power?
Dem-Repub favored state powers and interpreted the Constitution strictly to ensure them while wanting to limit the power of the national gov
200
How do the Reconstruction Amendments and Jim Crow Laws conflict?
The Reconstruction Amendments and Jim Crow laws are in direct conflict because the amendments were designed to protect the rights of formerly enslaved people, while Jim Crow laws were created to take those rights away through legal means.
300
political party known for its support of strong state governments, desire to limit the national gov power, supported the French Revolution and promoted a strict interpretation of The Constitution.
Democratic-Republicans
300
Identify the major economies of the North & South
North = Industry
South = Agriculture
300
An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption
Temperance Movement
300
the 19th-century belief that the United States would inevitably expand westward/ people believed it was their "God-Given Right" to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory.
Manifest Destiny
300
(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) slave trade abolished in DC, and (4) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas
Compromise of 1850
300
Abraham Lincoln's speech delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg battlefield. Lincoln expressed the desire to unify and advance equality for all.
Gettysburg Address
300
this political group advocated for expanding rights for African Americans, gained support from African Americans, and this party wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders in the South
Radical Republicans
300
a law enacted in 1887, that was intended to "Americanize" or assimilate Native Americans by distributing reservation land to individual owners.
The Dawes Act
300
Based on the cartoon and your knowledge of Andrew Jackson’s presidency, what criticism is being made about Jackson?
He used presidential power in a way that resembled a monarch by overstepping his the Constitution/ his powers
300
What does the Second Great Awakening have in common with reform movements in pre-Civil War America?
Religious revivals and spread of new ideas related to religion inspired people to apply their morals and beliefs to making improvements in society. It stressed individual responsibility for salvation and doing good works, which motivated many to join reform efforts, such as those to advance equality for women and African Americans.
400
Supporters of the U.S. Constitution who urged its adoption -- advocated for a strong national government, favored the Jay Treaty and promoted a loose interpretation of The Constitution.
Federalists
400
major changes in the U.S. economy produced by people buying and selling goods, increasing manufacturing, and developing new inventions rather than being self-sufficient
The Market Revolution
400
This event was the first women's rights convention and was held in NY in 1848, focusing on expanding suffrage rights for women.
The Seneca Falls Convention
400
Which invention prompted growth in the institution of slavery as related to the reliance on cotton?
the cotton gin
400
A 1857 Supreme Court decision that inflamed hostilities between the North and the South regarding slavery. Ruled that living in a free state and territory did not entitle an African American to his freedom because, as an enslaved man, he was not a citizen, but essentially another person's property. In effect, this decision made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and support for the Republican Party increased.
Dredd Scott v. Sanford (1857)
400
Which side of the Civil War had these advantages?
1. fighting on the defensive in its own territory -- Familiar with the landscape
2. Experienced Military Leaders
3. Highly motivated soldiers
Advantages of the Confederacy/South
400
The discriminatory laws passed throughout the post-Civil-War South which severely restricted African Americans' lives, prohibiting such activities as traveling without permits, carrying weapons, serving on juries, testifying against whites, and marrying whites. (during Reconstruction and eventually led to Jim Crow laws)
Black Codes
400
built between 1863 and 1869 to join the eastern and western halves of the United States. Begun just before the American Civil War, its construction was considered to be one of the greatest American technological feats of the 19th century.
Transcontinental Railroad
400
Excerpt from President Thomas Jefferson’s letter to Congress, 1803
“The acquisition of Louisiana secures to us the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans. This vast territory will allow our young nation to grow and prosper, ensuring land for farmers and expanding our influence westward.”
Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of the Louisiana Purchase, what was claimed as a major effect of this acquisition?
The purchase by President Jefferson from France of the land west of the U.S. doubled the size of the United States.
400
How were Democratic-Republicans and Federalists different from one another in their political beliefs? Name 2 ways.
Feds: strong central gov, supported the national bank, interpreted the Constitution loosely, wanted to ally with England
Dem-Repubs: strong state gov, the national bank was unconstitutional, interpreted the Constitution strictly, wanted to ally with France
500
In Marbury v. Madison (1803), Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring them unconstitutional and this power became known as ______.
judicial review
500
Plan for economic growth: establish a protective tariff, establish a national bank, and improve the country's transportation system
Henry Clay's American System
500
United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and speaker in the North (1817-1895)- wrote "What to the Slave is the 4th of July?"
Frederick Douglass
500
Also called the Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights.
Tariff of Abominations
500
a system in which the residents vote to decide whether or not slavery would be permitted in new territories in the west
Popular Sovereignty
500
When Lincoln mentioned in the Gettysburg Address that he supported a "new birth of freedom", which amendment accomplished that just a few years later?
The 13th Amendment
500
A barrier to voting rights, implemented by state laws requiring payment in order to vote
Poll tax
500
This Battle of Wounded Knee was a conflict involving which 2 groups?
Sioux Natives in the West and the American Military
500
Excerpt from Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s speech at the Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal. It is time for women to claim their rightful place in society—to vote, to own property, and to receive an education.”
Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of women's reform movements in the 19th century, which goal was a major focus of the women’s rights movement?
to gain the right to vote
500
How did the Missouri Compromise and the Kansas Nebraska Act differ from one another?
MO Comp: balance of free and slave states, banned slavery above the 36'30 parallel, temporarily eased tensions between North and South,
KN Act: repealed the MO Comp, allowed popular sovereignty above the 36'30 parallel, increased tensions, led to violence ("Bleeding Kansas")
600
1803 purchase of the territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US. (Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains -- for $15 million)
Louisiana Purchase
600
The first state to declare after the Tariff of 1828 that states had the right to nullify laws they found unconstitutional and threatened secession
South Carolina's
600
1831, Harriet Tubman, a system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North
Underground Railroad
600
The conflict between the US and Mexico after the US annexation of Texas, which Mexico still considered its own. As the winner, the US acquired vast new territories from Mexico through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Mexican American War
600
Repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty. It also produced a violent uprising known as "Bleeding Kansas," as proslavery and antislavery activists flooded into the territories to sway the vote
Kansas - Nebraska Act
600
One of the major legacies of the Civil War was the influence over developing newer/better technologies. Name 1!
Medical technology/nursing
Better weapons
Increased communication and transportation
Photography
600
What did the Compromise of 1877 result in that ended Reconstruction?
The end of federal military intervention in the South
600
The treaty requiring the Sioux to live on a reservation along the Missouri River and Sitting Bull never agreed to it
Treaty of Fort Laramie
600
Excerpt from a 19th-century factory owner’s letter (circa 1840s)
“The new machines allow us to produce textiles much faster and cheaper than before. This growth in manufacturing has brought many workers to the cities, but also created difficult working conditions that must be addressed.”
What does the passage claim as a major effect of industrialization in the US?
The rise of factories and growth of cities
600
Daily Double!! For double the points, explain 2 concepts/groups that opposed one another after the Civil War.
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