Drugs
The process by which ions (or drug molecules) move across the cell membrane from high to low concentrations
What is passive diffusion?
This cardiac structure contains the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus
What is the right atrium?
This chamber displays the lowest pressure in the heart, and in the body overall
What is the right atrium?
This is a chronic inflammatory process that takes place in the artery
What is atherosclerosis?
This valve pathology is predominantly associated with congenital malformation
What is pulmonic stenosis?
While an adverse effect can potentially cause harm, this is merely a nuisance.
What is a side effect?
The most muscular chamber in the heart
What is the left ventricle?
Average pressure in this chamber is 2-8 mmHg, ensuring adequate venous return from the pulmonary system
What is the left atrium?
Geometric changes to myocardium following MI
What is ventricular remodeling?
A normal area for this valve is 4-6 cm2
What is the mitral valve?
ED50 dose produces an effect that is half the maximum response.
LD50 dose will kill half of animals tested.
The ratio of LD50 to ED50 estimates of the relative safety of a drug, referred to as this.
What is therapeutic index?
A common pathology found in 25% of the population; a residual/restored communication between the atria
Aortic regurgitation would initially back up flow coming from which chamber?
What is left ventricule?
This describes ruptured plaque instigating thrombus formation. Untreated, this will lead to MI.
What is unstable angina?
This pathology represents too few leaflets formed at birth and is the second leading cause of aortic stenosis
What is bicuspid aortic valve?
This chemical alteration of nutrients/amino acids/toxins/drugs in the body occurs during the metabolism phase of pharmacokinetics.
What is biotransformation?
The type of valves that are located between the ventricle and the associated great vessel
What are the semilunar valves?
Tricuspid stenosis will cause back up in flow from which major vessels?
What are SVC/IVC? (100 point bonus if you also said coronary sinus!)
Following an MI in the LV apex, this term describes thinning and outward bulging of the damaged wall; a high risk from intraventricular thrombus
What is LV aneurysm?
This pathology, resulting from a chemical released by a neuroendocrine tumor, only impacts right sided valves and causes stiffening and retraction of tricuspid leaflets
What is carcinoid heart disease?
There are 5 classifications of drugs depending on their medical usefulness and potential for abuse. The most restricted are drugs belonging to this schedule (i.e. heroin, LSD, and marijuana).
What is Schedule I?
This term describes the non-trabeculated portion of right ventricle, also called the infundibulum
What is the right ventricular outflow tract?
Mitral stenosis initially impedes the venous return from this division of circulation.
What is pulmonary circulation?
What is myocardial infarction?
Results from bacterial or fungal infection of the endocardial surface of the heart, including valves; prosthetic valves are a risk factor
What is infective endocarditis?