Famous People
He landed in Newfoundland in June 1497 and claimed the entire east coast of North America for England.
Who was John Cabot?
The reign of Queen Elizabeth I is the beginning of this golden age of prosperity for England. During this time, England transformed itself into a first rate European power on the level of France, Spain or the Holy Roman Empire.
What is the Elizabethan Era?
This was a formidable fleet of warships that largely outnumbered the English in both ships and troops. However, the English navy had the advantages of better ships and guns, better strategies, the weather gage and fire ships.
What is the Spanish Armada?
She was England’s first true Queen Regnant, a reigning queen without a king beside her.
Who was Queen Mary I?
Luther spent most of his time of hiding in the Wartburg Castle in his study, where he produced this...
What is the first German translation of the New Testament.
He was sent by Queen Elizabeth I to attack Spanish vessels in the Pacific Ocean. On his way home he stopped on the west coast of North America and claimed the entire coast for England.
Who was Sir Francis Drake?
This is where Holy Roman Emperor Charles V announced that he would no longer compromise with Lutheran heretics. He wanted every Lutheran state in the Holy Roman Empire to return to the Catholic faith and all loyal Germans were to aid their emperor by arresting the heretic Martin Luther and burning all of his books.
What is the Second Diet of Speyer?
This was a very long revolution but eventually the people of the low countries won their independence from Spain and established the independent Dutch Republic. It is considered to be the opening stage of The 80 Years War
What was the Dutch Revolt?
Under Queen Mary I’s leadership, this took place (1555-1558). In this time, any Protestant who refused to return to the Catholic faith could be burned alive. About 300 people were killed over the course of this persecution and this is what earned her the nickname “Bloody Mary.”
What are the Marian Persecutions of Protestants?
This is a pamphlet Luther published offering bolder, stronger criticisms of the pope. This was the first time he argued the churches of Germany should no longer be Roman Catholic. This is where Luther introduced the idea of THE PRIESTHOOD OF ALL BELIEVERS.
What is "to the Christian Nobles of the German Nation"?
He knew eight different languages. He believed that God spoke to believers through the Bible and that the best way for believers to hear God speaking was in their own native tongues. By 1526 he completed the English New Testament and worked on the Old Testament for the rest of his life.
Who was William Tyndale?
He wanted the Protestant church to claim the same authority over the state government as the Catholic church did - especially moral authority. He taught that God had set state governments in place to enforce His moral laws and citizens should obey the state’s strict moral laws as they would obey God’s.
Who was John Calvin?
This began after the English aided the Dutch Protestants in the Dutch Revolt. Elizabeth got involved in this war because she knew that if she let Philip overrun the New World and Low Countries, that he would one day overrun England as well.
What is the Anglo-Spanish War?
King Philip II of Spain had 2 goals for them:
Philip wanted to force them to be as thoroughly Catholic as Spain was.
Philip wanted to absorb them into the Spanish empire.
What are the Low Countries?
In 1452 Pope Nicolas V delivered this papal bull in which, as long as the victim was not a Christian, the Catholic Church gave Portugal permission to invade the victim's nation, hunt him down, capture him, enslave him, and then take everything that he owned: his land, his home and all of his possessions.
What is Dum Diversas?
The the English Privateers accomplished two important things
What is
1. They forced Spain to waste its resources to defend its treasure fleets against them.
2.They stole a lot of Spanish money for their monarchs, especially for Queen Elizabeth.
John Calvin’s Theology Name 1:
What is:
Total depravity - Human beings are utterly sinful and evil. They are completely incapable of choosing to follow God without God’s help.
OR
Irresistible grace - The elect cannot choose to resist God’s salvation; He has elected them, and He will save them, no matter what happens.’
This took place when Johann Eck challenged Luther to defend his positions. In the debate, Luther stated that John Hus was a good Christian and he agreed with some of Hus’ writings. In this moment, Luther became an incurable heretic and Johann started a personal vendetta against him. This is when the relationship between Luther and the Roman Catholic Church died.
What is the Leipzig Debate?
England also broke away from the Roman Catholic Church because this king wanted to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon and the Roman Catholic pope would not let him. He set up a new church of his own, made himself master of that church and called this new church what
Who is King Henry VIII and what is the Church of England, also known as the Anglican Church?
Martin Luther’s wrote this "on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences,” accused the Roman Catholic Church of selling God’s forgiveness to raise money for expensive church buildings, corruption and of following man made traditions that went against God’s Word in the Bible.
What is the Ninety-five Theses?
He was the leader of the reformation in Switzerland. He tore out sculptures, stained glass windows and fine furnishings in his churches. He painted all of his church’s walls white and he even removed the pipe organ so that it did not distract people from the beauty of Scripture. He died on the battlefield and Swiss Catholics burned his remains at the stake.
Who was Ulrich Zwingli?
list 2 of the Reformed Theology Tenets
Sola Scriptura - God reveals himself to Christian believers through Scripture alone, not through Roman Catholic or other religious traditions.
God’s sovereignty - God has omnipotent power and authority to do anything that He chooses to do and to save whomever He chooses to save.
God’s Grace - Through Christ, God shows mercy and favor towards sinners who deserve neither mercy nor favor.
In the 1543 Treaty ..., Henry VIII proposed marriage between his 6 year old son Edward and the infant Queen Mary I of Scotland. When the Scottish parliament denied this betrothal, Henry decided to invade Scotland to force them to hand over Mary. This was the beginning of this war which lasted 7 years and resulted in Mary being promised to marry the future King of France in exchange for France’s help against England.
What was the Treaty of Greenwich and the War of Rough Wooing?
By:
Marrying Philip, a foreign, Catholic king who wanted to place England back under the pope’s authority and absorb England into his Spanish empire.
Losing Calais, England’s last territory in mainland Europe. This was due to her involvement with the Spanish Philip.
Burning hundreds of Protestants for heresy, earning the nickname “Bloody Mary.”
How did Mary ruin her reputation with the English?
Queen Elizabeth I wanted this to accomplish 2 important things:
All Englishmen, whether they were Catholic or Protestant, worship together in state churches. She believed that a strong state church was essential to England’s unity.
All Englishmen, whether they were Catholic or Protestant, to be loyal to their Queen.
What is the Elizabethan Religious Settlement?