Empire Expansion
This technology was the major reason land-based empires could expand between 1450–1750.
gunpowder
European monarchs used this religious idea to justify their power as chosen by God.
Divine Right
This religious movement began when Martin Luther challenged corruption through the 95 Theses.
Protestant Reformation
This innovation/practice was reinstated by the Ming to restore Chinese bureaucracy after Mongol rule.
civil service exam
Both the Ottomans and Mughals used this type of elite military group to maintain centralized control.
Professional military/bureaucratic elites
The Mongol Yuan Dynasty was overthrown by this dynasty, which re-expanded into Mongol territory.
BONUS 200 points if you can name the emperor.
Ming Dynasty, Hongwu
Name of Japanese military government, turned daimyo into landlords and unified Japan.
Tokugawa Shogunate
This Catholic response included the Council of Trent, the Jesuits, and the strengthened Inquisition.
Counter (Catholic) Reformation
This Qing emperor expanded into Taiwan, Mongolia, and Central Asia, including Tibet.
Kangxi
The Mughal Taj Mahal and Ottoman mosques are examples of rulers using this to legitimize power.
Monumental architecture
This Ottoman sultan conquered Constantinople in 1453 and renamed it Istanbul.
Mehmed II
This Ottoman system took Christian boys, trained them as bureaucrats or soldiers, and created elite forces like the Janissaries.
Devshirme
Political rivalry between these two Islamic empires intensified the Sunni-Shi’a split.
Ottoman & Safavid Empires
This Ming project was expanded to protect China from renewed Mongol threats.
The Great Wall
While the Ottomans collected revenue through tax farming, the Mughals used this system.
zamindar tax collection system
This Mughal leader expanded trade, wealth, and oversaw a “golden age” of stability.
Akbar
These Mughal local officials collected taxes, supervised construction, and maintained irrigation systems.
Zamindars
This religion developed in South Asia as a blend of Hindu and Islamic traditions during Mughal rule.
Sikhism
He unified Japan after centuries of internal conflict, ruling during the Period of Great Peace.
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Safavid leaders used this religious policy to unify their population politically and culturally.
Shi'a Islam
This Safavid ruler modernized his army by importing European weapons but struggled to expand due to lack of navy and natural defenses.
Shah Abbas I
Louis XIV used this massive palace to intimidate nobles and centralize power.
Palace of Versailles
This European religious war caused widespread famine, disease, and destruction before ending with the Peace of Westphalia.
Thirty Years' War
This Qing ruler expanded brutally into Xinjiang and attempted further expansion into Burma and Vietnam, draining state finances.
Qianlong
Compare the political centralization of Tokugawa Japan and Louis XIV of France—what similar strategy did they use to control nobles?
requiring nobles/daimyo to live near the ruler to limit their independent power (Versailles residency & alternate-attendance system)