Hierarchy of Needs
The creator of this theory (Hierarchy of Needs)
Who is Abraham Maslow?
The creator of this theory (Scientific Management)
Who is Frederick Taylor?
The creator of this theory (The Hawthorne Effect)
Who is Elton Mayo?
The creator of this theory (Two-Factor Theory)
Who is Frederick Herzberg?
The creator of this theory (Expectancy Theory)
Who is Victor Vroom?
The most basic needs, necessary for survival.
Physiological needs
Taylor believed this was the major motivator for workers.
What is financial reward/money?
One aspect of the working conditions that Mayo experimented with.
What is lighting, break times, wages, providing food, working hours?
Factors which cause job dissatisfaction
What are Hygiene factors?
The employee doesn't care about attaining the outcome.
What happens if valence is 0?
Cannot be obtained/met before all other needs are met and mastered.
What is Self-Actualisation?
Breaking up a task into a set of sequential actions in a factory.
What is a production line?
Three things which can improve motivation at work, according to Mayo.
Good communication
Good teamwork
Showing interest in others
Involving others in decision-making
Ensuring the well-being of others
Making work interesting and non-repetitive
Will not necessarily lower motivation, but can be responsible for increasing motivation
What are satisfiers/motivators?
The degree to which an employee wants an outcome/reward.
What is valence?
3 examples of Safety Needs
What are good health, safety of property/from theft, a steady income, secure housing, job security etc.?
Payment per item you produce.
What is a piece rate?
The action that Mayo undertook after each change to the working conditions at the plant.
What is 'consulting the workers'?
Do not give positive satisfaction or lead to higher motivation, though dissatisfaction results from their absence
What are Hygiene Factors?
Whether the performance will achieve the desired outcome
What is instrumentality?
These needs coincide with Herzberg's 'Hygiene Factors'.
What are Physiological, Safety, and Love & Belonging Needs?
Taylor observed and measured workers' outputs to find this.
What is the 'one best way'?
The Hawthorne Effect.
What is the phenomenon of people changing/improving their behaviour and performance because of increased attention by superiors and colleagues?
The Needs from Maslow's Hierachy of Needs which coincide with Satisfiers/Motivators.
What are Esteem and Self-Actualization Needs?
The equation linking the 3 variables of Expectancy Theory
What is Motivation = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence?