Project vs Operations
This term refers to a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
Project
Who is the person or group that provides financial resources and executive backing for a project?
Project Sponsor
What are the three core constraints of the traditional Project Management Triple Constraint triangle?
Scope, Time, Cost (resources)
What software development methodology follows a linear, sequential flow where each phase must be completed before the next begins?
Waterfall Model
Who is the individual assigned to lead the team responsible for achieving project objectives?
Project Manager
Which of the following is considered an ongoing operational activity rather than a project?
A) Developing a new mobile app for banking
B) Daily processing of customer tech support tickets
C) Installing a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system
D) Constructing a new corporate office building
B) Daily processing of customer tech support tickets
Because every project involves new elements and unrepeatable context, projects inherently involve ________.
a. Uniquenessb. Permanency
c. Uncertainty
d. Resources
What element sits at the center of the Triple Constraint triangle, directly impacted by changes to the other three?
Quality
Which phase in the Waterfall lifecycle involves gathering detailed user requirements and defining system specifications?
A) Maintenance
B) Requirements / Analysis
C) Testing
D) Deployment
B) Requirements / Analysis
Which of the following is traditionally used to measure project success?
A) Delivered on time, within budget, and meeting scope/quality standards
B) Number of lines of code written per developer per day
C) Eliminating all project meetings
D) Spending 100% of contingency reserves regardless of need
A) Delivered on time, within budget, and meeting scope/quality standards
While projects are characterized as temporary and unique, operational work is ongoing and ________.
Repetitive/Continuous/Permanent
Progressive elaboration means that a project's details are:
A) Fully locked down on Day 1 without changes
B) Ignored until the final testing phase
B) Scaled down to fit a smaller budget
D) Developed in explicit detail continuously as more information becomes available
D) Developed in explicit detail continuously as more information becomes available
Uncontrolled expansion of project requirements without adjustments to time or cost is known as Scope _____.
Scope Creep
What is the primary drawback of using the Waterfall model for an innovative mobile consumer app?
A) Inability to easily incorporate changing user feedback once development has started.
B) Lack of documentation
C) Absence of milestone reviews.
D) Inability to estimate costs upfront.
A) Inability to easily incorporate changing user feedback once development has started.
How does an Agile team measure progress during a project?
A) By the percentage of planned documentation completed.
B) By the number of hours logged by developers.
C) Primarily through working software delivered to stakeholders.
D) By the number of status meetings held.
C) Primarily through working software delivered to stakeholders.
In your own opinion, what is the primary boundary condition that marks the definitive end of a project?
Objectives are reached / Termination due to unfeasibility / Funding cancellation
Any individual, group, or organization that may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a project decision is called a ________.
Stakeholder
If a client demands that the project completion date be moved up by two months (reducing time), what must happen to cost or scope to maintain quality?
Cost must increase (e.g., adding resources) OR Scope must be reduced.
What is the key feature that distinguishes Barry Boehm’s Spiral Model from other traditional SDLC models?
A) Eliminate documentation completely.
B) Explicit, structured risk management at every iterative cycle.
C) Fixed sprint durations of 2 weeks.
D) Direct customer access to source code.
B) Explicit, structured risk management at every iterative cycle.
Which of the following scenarios represents an IT Operation rather than an IT Project?
A) Migrating an on-premise data center to AWS cloud within 8 months.
B) Resetting user passwords and monitoring network uptime daily.
C) Building a customized CRM portal for a law firm.
D) Implementing a new automated CI/CD pipeline for software builds.
B) Resetting user passwords and monitoring network uptime daily.
When a new software tool is successfully developed as a project, into what environment is it handed over for maintenance?
A) Initiating phase
B) Operations / Operations & Maintenance (O&M)
C) Scrum Backlog
D) Feasibility testing
B) Operations / Operations & Maintenance (O&M)
Which attribute explains why projects require cross-functional teams with varied skills?
A) Continuous repetition
B) Unilateral funding
C) Interdisciplinary/Unique nature of deliverables
D) Infinite time horizons
C) Interdisciplinary/Unique nature of deliverables
Which scenario best demonstrates a breach of Quality as a constraint?
A) Delivering full scope on time and on budget, but with critical security vulnerabilities.
B) Delivering full scope 2 days late with zero errors.
C) Reducing scope with client agreement.
D) Hiring 2 additional developers to meet a deadline.
A) Delivering full scope on time and on budget, but with critical security vulnerabilities.
In which scenario is Waterfall most suitable?
A) Projects with rapidly shifting user demands and unknown technologies
B) High-risk startup apps requiring fast market testing
C) Projects with well-defined, stable requirements and strict regulatory standards
D) Projects where customer feedback is gathered daily during development
C) Projects with well-defined, stable requirements and strict regulatory standards
According to the Agile Manifesto, what is valued OVER comprehensive documentation?
A) Contract negotiation
B) Working software
C) Detailed Gantt charts
D) Strict compliance
B) Working software