Essentials
Factors w/in a community or defined location that affect individual health
social determinants of health
Rocuses on aggregates, communities, populations
Can include at-risk individuals/families
Primary goal is health promotion and disease prevention
Nursing activities are usually indirect
Community-Oriented Nursing
Directly talking w/a representative sample of group, give insight into community
Limitation?
Focused group
limitation is sample not true representation of overall community
health & disease status, genetics, ethnicity, age, gender, causes of death...what are you assessing?
The biological piece of the community assessment
Name the barriers to learning
age, culture, poor reading/comprehension skills, language, access challenges, lack of motivation
What items do you understand to be the social determinants of health
economic stability
education access & quality
health care access & quality neighnorhood & build environment
Social & Community Context
role include case manager, community outreach, consultant, counselor, direct caregiver, health educator
A tertiary prevention of this nursing role is to maintain inventory of emergency supply equipment
what nursing role is this?
School nurse
Community Forums
Open public meeting, a chance for community to give input
What social systems are you asssessing for?
Healthcare, schools, waste management, welfare, legal, recreation, political
An individual loves to smoke and doesn't intend to quit, they state " my grandmother smoked her whole life and never had a problem she died at the ripe old age of 89"
You educate the client on the new substances that have been added to tobacco products over the years as well as the problems the individual may face in the future. Which area/s or domains of learning are you using to educate the client?
Cognitive- imparting knowledge to client
These describe the health status of a comminity and serve as targets for the improvement of a community's health
Health indicators
This role combines nursing knowledge with the knowledge of the criminal justice system, what role is it? and names a primary, secondary and tertiary level of prevention you may implement in this role
Forensic nurse
lets discuss levels of prevention and why
talking w/community members, collecting ideas from them, hearing their opinions and perspectives
informant interviews
When you are observing for flora & fauna, toxic substances, climate, pollutants, geography
What portion of the community assessment are you practicing
Place /environment factors the environmental portion
After you complete your implentation of a program in a community, how will you evaluate it?
evaluate strengths and weaknesses of the program
were the outcomes/ goals achieved
any modifications
share findings/recommendations
the evaluation is ongoing and is an assessment for the next planning
Focus is individuals & families
Primary goal is management of acute or chronic conditions
care is direct/one-on-one
settings are schools, camps, prisons, place of employment, homes
Community-based nursing
The tasks that this role of nursing includes:
collecting vital stats, and analyzing the impact
scheduling wellness, screening and immunization clinics
legislating for policy implementation and revision
Public health nurse it is an indirect role and is community oriented nursing
Windshield assessment
Unique to community health assessing people,
place, housing, for social systems through viewing from car
When yu are viewing the population for the type of language used, religion & spirituality, customs & norms, roles w/in a family and family hierarchy
What part of community assessment are we observing
Cultural
In community nursing r/t case management what are we:
Promoting
decreasing
providing
applying
advocating for
Promoting interprofessional services and increased client/family involvment
decreasing cost vy improving client outcomes
providing education to optimize health participation
reducing gaps and errors in care
applying evidenced-based protocals and pathways
advocating for quality services and client rights
Emphasize primary prevention
Work to achieve the greatest good for the largest number of individuals
Recognize that the client is a partner in health
Use resources wisely to promote best outcomesE
Key principles in Community Health nursing
Care for pts where they reside
what is this nursing role and the type of care you can give in this role?
Home health
Central line, TPN, wound care, caseworker, educator, lab draws, central line care
Data available include deaths, births, marriages, mortality & morbidity stats, census, health records
limitation?
Secondary-existing data
limitation is info may not be current
Name the social items for community assessment
Occupations , marital status, education, income
lets discuss the math portion and how we give culturally competent care
Attack rate # of people exposed to agent who develop /total # of people exposed
Crude mortality # of deaths /poulation x1000
infant mortality # of infant deaths b4 1yr of age /#of live births in same yr x1000
incidence rate # of new cases at specific time /population total x 1000
prevelence rate # of existing cases at specific time / population total x 1000
cultural:preservation, accommodation, repatterning, brokering lets view slides 17-19 in intro to community health for more info