Developmental Milestones
Social/ Emotional Milestones -Likes to be a helper, pretends to be someone or something during play, will ask to play with children if none are there, able to comfort people that are hurt or sad, able to avoid danger, and can change behavior based on where they are.
Language/ Communication Milestones-Can say sentences with four or more words, can say words from song, story or nursery rhyme, can talk about one thing that happened during the day, and can answer simple questions
Cognitive Milestones-Can name some colors of items, can say what is next in a well known story, can draw people with 3 or more body parts
Physical/ Movement Milestones-Catch a large ball most of the time, can serve themself food and drink with adults watching, undo some buttons, will hold crayon or pencil between fingers and thumb and not hold in a fist.
What is 5 year old?
Contributed to idea that ALL children need to be educated (today referred to as universal education).
Contributed to view that learning to read is critical (today referred to as literacy).
Shaped idea that parents are the child’s first and most important teacher.
Contributed to viewpoint that communities play a critical role in ECE.
Who is Martin Luther?
Part B – guidelines for children ages 3 to 21
Part C – early intervention for children 36 months and younger; need services due to developmental delays
What is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?
Became the first woman in Italy to earn a medical degree
Realized children need order/structure
Opened a school called Casa dei Bambini (Children’s House)
Assistant instructor in the psychiatric clinic of the University of Rome, where she worked with children in insane asylums.
Interested in educational solutions for problems such as deafness, paralysis, and “idiocy.” She differed from her colleagues in that she felt that mental deficiency was an educational problem not medical.
Who is Maria Montessori?
•originally designed educational program to meet the needs of developmentally delayed
•Later created curriculum to meet needs of all children
•4 important aspects in understanding how children learn
•The Absorbent Mind
•The Prepared Environment
•Sensitive Periods
Autoeducation
What is Montessori Method?
Social and emotional - Play with someone, Pat-A-Cake
Cognitive- Puts something in a container, Looks for things
Language - Waves Bye-Bye, Calls parents Mama or Dada
Physical - Pulls up to stand, Walks while holding furniture, Picks things up with thumb and pointer finger
What is 1 year old?
Contributed to idea that formal curriculum, methodology, and teacher training practices are necessary to support children’s learning.
Established idea that ECE is a formal process that occurs within organized setting.
Developed first kindergarten.
Who is Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel?
Children under IDEA should be placed in this kind of environment.
What is Least Restrictive Environment?
8-stage theory of development
Encounters a major “crisis” that influences one’s social/personal development
Behavior patterns develop in earlier years of life that influence person’s interactions/decisions for the rest of their life
Dilemmas continue to reappear in our relationships/work life throughout our lives
Who is Erik Erikson?
•Emerges from the interests of children rather than teachers’ pre-planned curriculum/lessons
•Curriculum is developed around what children are interested/engaged in
•Not solely what adults believe children should learn
What is Reggio Emilia?
Social/emotional- Child is able to calm down within 10 minutes of being dropped off away from parents. Child also goes to other children and joins them in play!
Language/communication- Child can have a conversation with at least 2 back and forth exchanges. Asks “who, what, where, why”. Child can communication action when asked (“they are running”). Child can give people their first name when asked. When child is talking, most of the time others can understand them.
Cognitive/learning- Child can draw a circle when shown how. Child also can avoid injury when warned.
Movement/physical- Can string together objects like beads or macaroni. Child can put on their own clothes like a jacket or loose pants. Child can use a fork.
What is 3 year old?
Contributed to idea that environment plays a critical role in children’s development.
Shaped belief that early education is in the best interests of society.
Contributed to view of early education as a progressive experience that can serve to overcome environment deficits in other areas of the child’s life.
Who is Robert Owen?
IEP
What is Individualized Education Plan?
Constructivism – theory of how children learn
Schema – cognitive framework/concept that helps organize and interpret information
Adaptation
Assimilation – new information is understood in the context of existing schema
Accommodation – new information can’t fit into an existing schema
Disequilibrium – imbalance in cognition
Equilibration – process of creating new schema/adapting existing ones
Who is Jean Piaget?
•Founded by Rudolph Steiner
•Devoted his life to the exploration of spirituality and human potential
•No limit to human potential
•Mind, body, spirit
•Anthroposophy – study of human wisdom and belief; utilized to gain spirituality
•3 distinct stages
•Early childhood (birth to 7 years old)
•Middle childhood (7-14 years old)
Adolescence (14-21 years old)
What is the Waldorf School?
Social/Emotional-More aware of facial expressions (ie looking at your face to see how you react)Empathetic. Cries if you cry. Can tell if someone is hurt.
Language/Communication-Can use more gestures (blowing a kiss).Can use more than two words (asking for “more milk”).
Cognitive-Becoming more coordinated. Using one hand to hold something and the other to take off the lid. Plays with multiple toys at a time.
What are 2 year olds?
Opened the first English speaking kindergarten in the United States in Boston in 1860.
Published Kindergarten Guide with her sister Mary Mann
Credited as being kindergarten’s main promoter in the United States.
Who is Elizabeth Peabody?
EI
What is Early Intervention?
Culture/social interactions shape what children learn about the world
Zone of proximal development (ZPD) – difference between a learner's ability to perform a task independently vs. with guidance
Scaffolding – assisted performance
Role of adult – perceptively observe children
Interpersonal knowledge – turned to intrapersonal thought through private speech
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
•Originated by David P. Weikart
•Began Perry Preschool Project
•Longitudinal study of those who benefitted from Perry Preschool Project
•Those who participated in the project’s preschool had much more positive outcomes
•Based on Piaget’s cognitive development theory and Vygotsky’s theory of sociocultural development
•Children need to be engaged in active learning
What is High Scope?
Social/emotional development- They show the ability to follow rules and take turns with other children during play. They can do very simple chores such as picking things up to move them. They will also show interest in doing “shows” for you like singing or dancing
Language development- They should be able to tell or create a story with more then one event, and answer simple questions about a story after they hear it. They should also be able to carry simple conversations and simple rhymes.
Cognitive development- They can count to 10 and some may recognize some numbers and letters. They can have a 5-10 minute attention span and can use words indicating time (yesterday, tonight, tomorrow, ect. )
Physical development- They can button some buttons and have the balance to hop on one foot
What are 5 year olds?
Responsible for the kindergarten we know today
Thought that kindergarten should remain faithful to Froebel’s ideas
Believed that to survive, the kindergarten movement had to reform
Who is Patty Smith Hill?
UDL
What is Universal Design for Learning?
Multiple Intelligences Theory
8 “frames of mind” or multiple intelligences (MI)
Verbal/linguistic
Logical/mathematical
Musical
Visual/spatial
Bodily/kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Naturalistic
Who is Howard Gardner?
•Influenced by educators in the British Infant Schools and John Dewey
•Emerges out of children’s interests
•Taught through hands-on investigation/active inquiry
•Whole group, small group, or individual study
•4 key learning goals
•Knowledge
•Skills
•Disposition
•Feelings
What is Project Approach?