1200-1450
This is the reason Mali became such a wealthy and influential empire in the 13th and 14th centuries.
What is (economic) control of gold/salt trade
This European country helped establish direct sea routes to Asia, reducing the dominance of overland Silk Roads in the 16th century and shifted global trade patterns
What is Portugal?
Access to coal and iron, available capital, a growing labor force, a strong banking system, and political stability allowed this country to be the first to industrialize.
What is Great Britain?
A web of alliances, militarism, imperial rivalries, and nationalism, set the foundation for this conflict, making it global.
What is World War I?
Or
What is The Great War?
Empires, such as the Ottomans and Safavids, that adopted this new ignitable warefare technology could expand and centralize power more effectively
What is gunpowder?
The Delhi Sultanate helped spread this major world religion into South Asia.
What is Islam?
This event caused Afro-Eurasia population growth from new crops like potatoes and maize, while the Americas faced massive population loss from disease
What is the Columbian Exchange
This intelluctual movement promoted individual rights and questioned divine monarchy, leading to revolutions like the French Revolution
What is the Enlightenment?
State sponsorship, mercantilism, new tech, trade routes
This 20th-century geopolitical phenomenon, rooted in the outcomes of both World Wars, dramatically reshaped the global balance of power, dividing the world into two ideological blocs, each with their own military alliances and spheres of influence.
What is the Cold War?
This empire's rule during the 13th and 14th centuries expanded and protected the Silk Roads, boosting trade and fostering cultural exchange between East and West.
What is the Mongol Empire?
Theses allowed investors to pool resources and share risk, leading to more widespread and sustained colonization efforts
What are joint-stock companies?
The spread of Enlightenment ideals, economic inequality, and resentment of colonial rule motivated these revolutionary movements in colonies like Haiti and across Latin America during this era.
What are colonial revolutions?
The hasty creation of new nation-states that often led to political and economic turmoil (internal conflict, unstable governments, economic challenges) were a result of what event?
What is the Decolonization of Africa/Asia?
The continuity in global trade patterns impacted these two long-distance trade networks for over 500 years due to the increased demand for Asian goods.
What are the Silk Roads and the Indian Ocean trade routes?
These TWO Chinese innovations transformed the world. One transformed warfare in the Islamic world and Europe and the other influenced financial practices in Central Asia.
What are gunpowder and paper money?
These two Islamic empires used gunpowder technology to expand, but one ruled a mostly Muslim population while the other governed a Hindu majority in South Asia.
What are the Ottoman and Mughal Empires?
Women and children entered the factory workforce, disrupting traditional family structures and gender roles during this revolution.
What is the Industrial Revolution?
The reliance on cash crops, lack of infrastructure, and continued influence of former colonial powers caused this for newly independent countries.
What is Economic struggle (post decolonization)?
This economic policy encouraged states to increase exports and stockpile precious metals.
What is Mercantalism?
These are the differences in governmental systems between the Song Dynasty in China and feudal Europe.
What is the level of centralization? (Song had a centralized bureaucracy and civil service exams, while feudal Europe relied on decentralized power through lords and vassals.)
While this European power established trading-post empires along African and Asian coasts, the other settled and directly governed colonies in the Americas, often exploiting native labor.
What is the difference between Portuguese and Spanish methods of building overseas empires?
In response to Western pressure in the 19th century, this East Asian country rapidly industrialized during the Meiji Restoration, while the other resisted reforms, leading to internal decline and foreign domination.
What are Japan and (Qing) China?
Both of these countries rejected Western influence, and one created a Marxist-Leninist state while the other formed an Islamic theocracy.
What are The People's Republic of China and Iran?
In the 1500s, this was primarily driven by trade and religious conversion, while in the 1800s, it focused more on industrial needs and nationalism. (hint: more than just one word)
What are the motivational differences for European expansion/imperalism?