New Imperialism
This term describes the late 19th-century rush by European powers to colonize Africa.
Scramble for Africa
This art movement, led by Claude Monet, focused on capturing light and natural forms.
What is Impressionism?
This Prussian chancellor utilized realpolitik and wars against Denmark, Austria, and France to unify Germany.
Who is Otto von Bismarck?
This scientific theory, developed by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century, revolutionized physics by challenging Newtonian mechanics.
What is the Theory of Relativity?
This alliance, formed by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in 1882, was meant to isolate France.
(What is the Triple Alliance?)
This 1884–1885 conference regulated European colonization and trade in Africa
What is the Berlin Conference?
his Russian author explored themes of morality and society in War and Peace.
Who is Leo Tolstoy?
This movement aimed to establish a homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine during the late 19th century.
What is Zionism?
This German philosopher’s work, including Thus Spoke Zarathustra, critiqued traditional morality and famously declared, "God is dead."
Who is Friedrich Nietzsche?
This 1908 crisis erupted when Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina, increasing tensions in the Balkans.
(What is the Bosnian Crisis?)
This poem by Rudyard Kipling justified imperialism as a noble enterprise.
What is "The White Man's Burden"?
This composer bridged classical and romantic music, known for his nine symphonies
Who is Ludwig van Beethoven?
This Italian nationalist and leader of the Red Shirts played a key role in the unification of Italy.
Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi?
This late 19th-century ideology applied Darwin’s ideas to human society, often used to justify imperialism and economic inequality
What is Social Darwinism?
This 1890 event, where Kaiser Wilhelm II dismissed a key statesman, led to a breakdown in European alliances and increased tensions before World War I.
(What is Bismarck’s dismissal?)
This rebellion in India (1857–1858) was a major, though unsuccessful, uprising against British rule.
What is the Sepoy Mutiny or Indian Rebellion of 1857?
This philosophy, associated with Friedrich Nietzsche, challenged traditional values and introduced the concept of the "Übermensch."
What is existentialism?
This war between France and Prussia in 1870–1871 led to German unification under Prussian leadership.
What is the Franco-Prussian War?
This field of psychology, developed by Sigmund Freud, introduced the idea of the unconscious mind and the struggle between different parts of human consciousness.
(What is psychoanalysis?)
This war, fought in 1904-1905, saw an Asian power defeat a European power for the first time in modern history, signaling a shift in global power dynamics.
(What is the Russo-Japanese War?)
This rebellion in China (1899–1901) aimed to expel foreign influences but was crushed by an international coalition.
What is the Boxer Rebellion?
This artistic movement, characterized by its emphasis on emotion, nature, and individualism, was a reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment.
What is Romanticism?
This secret nationalist society, founded by Giuseppe Mazzini, aimed to unify Italy through revolution.
This war (1853–1856), in which France and Britain allied with the Ottoman Empire against Russia, had an indirect impact on the unification of Italy and Germany.
This period of rapid industrial and technological innovation in the late 19th century led to advances in steel, chemicals, electricity, and transportation.
(What is the Second Industrial Revolution?)
This treaty, signed in 1887, was a secret agreement between Germany and Russia to remain neutral if either was attacked.
(What is the Reinsurance Treaty?)