Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acid found in the nucleus
DNA
Where transcription occurs
nucleus
First level of protein structure - made of a single, unfolded polypeptide chain.
primary structure
A point mutation that could result in a same-sense or a missense.
substitution
What codes for an enzyme
a gene
Nucleic acid created in the nucleus and read in codons
mRNA
The organelle that carries out translation
ribosome
Alpha helix and Beta sheet are examples of this level of protein folding.
Secondary structure
A point mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence
deletion
Substance that binds to an enzyme in a metabolic pathway to undergo change
substrate
Nucleic acid that carries an amino acid and has an anticodon
tRNA
The start codon AUG codes for this amino acid (TYR, GLU or MET)
MET (methionine is always the first amino acid in a chain)
A series of alpha helices and beta sheets folded upon themselves.
Tertiary structure
The flexible base in the codon triplet — the third base which allows one tRNA to recognize multiple codons.
Wobble base
One of the products in the middle of a metabolic pathway that serves as substrate for another reaction
intermediate
Nucleic acid that makes up ribosomes
rRNA
Full name of the RNA nucleotide that pairs with adenine
uracil
4 polypeptide chains joined to form a protein has this type of structure.
Quaternary structure
When the amino acids downstream of the mutation are nonsense due to an insertion or deletion
Frameshift
Metabolic pathway is broken by a mutation, no final product will form. What is the other major consequence?
accumulation of intermediate substrate/product
3 parts of a nucleotide
Phosphate, sugar, base
Signal for a ribosome to terminate translation
Stop Codon (UAA UAG UGA)
Type of secondary structure where the amino acid chain forms a concertina structure
Beta sheet
The genetic code has ___ or ___ to protect against mutations, as a result some mutations are same-sense.
redundancy or degeneracy
Proteins which catalyze reactions in metabolic pathways are called?
Enzymes