Matter
This pure substance contains only one kind of matter.
What is an element?
These particles are found in the nucleus of an atom and contain almost all of an atom's mass.
What are protons and neutrons?
This is the name of a column on the periodic table
What is a group?
This is the formula for the compound potassium oxide
What is K2O?
This is the name of the compound CO.
What is carbon monoxide?
This type of mixture appears the same all the way through, and is also called a solution.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
These particles orbit the nucleus at the highest energy level.
What are valence electrons?
This chemical family is very unreactive, because they already have full valence shells of electrons.
What are the noble gases?
This is the name of the compound NaBr
What is sodium bromide?
This is the formula for SF6.
What is sulfur hexaflluoride?
This type of matter consists of atoms of different elements held together by chemical bonds in specific ratios.
What is a compound?
Atoms were originaly thought to be this shape
What is a solid sphere?
This is a change in the electron arrangement that you will see as you go down a column (group) in the periodic table.
That each subsequent atom will have one more full shell of electrons.
This is the formula for the compound copper (I) carbonate.
What is Cu2CO3?
This is how you identify a covalent compound.
It is a compound made up only of non-metals, or a compound without any positive ions.
This type of matter cannot be physically separated, and include examples such as copper and water.
What are pure substances?
By firing tiny particles as a sheet of gold foil, we learned this fact about atoms.
That the mass and positive charge is concentrated in the nucleus and that they are mostly made up of empty space.
This is a shared characteristic of all of the elements in a given family or group on the periodic table.
That all the elements in a group will have the same number of valence electrons.
This is the formula for the compound lead (IV) hydroxide.
What is Pb(OH)4
This is the main difference between an ionic and a covalent compound.
Ionic compounds give and take electrons to form positive and negative ions, where as covalent compounds share electrons to get full valence shells.
These are the differences between elements, compounds, homogeneous mixtures and heterogenous mixtures.
Elements consist of one type of atom with a set number of protons (atomic number) and electrons.
Compounds are made up of atoms of multiple elements held together by chemical bonds.
Mixtures are a mix of different elements and or compounds that can be separated by physical means.
Homogeneous mixtures look the same throughout, and in heterogeneous mixtures, you can see the different components.
This is something that we now know about the electrons of an atom.
That they exist in clouds of probability: we cannot know exactly where an atom is at any particular time, as they are moving around quickly and continuously.
This is the reason that alkali metals (group 1) are more reactive than alkali earth metals (group 2).
Alkali metals have only one valence electron, which means that it is very easy for them to react to lose this electron and get a stable valence shell.
Alkali earth metals have two electrons in their valence shell, which makes it slightly harder to lose both electrons in a reaction. Therefore they are less reactive.
This is the name for the compound MnS2.
What is manganese (IV) sulfide?
This is why covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.
Because ionic bonds give and take electrons, the ions will be stable (have a full valence shell) even if they are separated. This allows them to dissociate in water and conduct electricity.
Covalent bonds are shared electrons, so the atoms must stay close together to maintain a full valence shell. This means that the atoms are harder to separate.