Organizational Commitment
An individual’s perceived economic value of remaining with an organization.
What is continuance commitment?
The five personality traits identified in the Big Five model.
openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability (neuroticism)
The perception shortcut that involves evaluation of a person based on how they compare to other individuals recently encountered.
Contrast Effects
Maslow
hierarchy of needs theory
A hierarchy of five needs—physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization—in which, as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant.
Individual Issues: "What's next?'
Group Issues: "How do we disband?"
Adjourning
The obligation an individual feels to stay with an organization for moral or ethical reasons.
What is normative commitment?
Your friend Meghan decided to backpack across Europe so she could meet new people, try different foods, and experience a range of cultures and languages. Meghan likely scores high in which of the following Big Five traits?
Openness to Experience
When a fire truck's siren was heard, everyone ran to the window to see what was happening. That everyone responded in the same way is an example of which aspect of Attribution Theory?
Consensus
Herzberg
Two-Factor Theory: A theory that relates intrinsic factors to job satisfaction and associates extrinsic factors with dissatisfaction. Also called the motivation–hygiene theory.
Individual Issues: "What do the others expect of me?'
Group Issues: "Can we agree on roles and work as a team?"
Norming
An individual’s emotional attachment to an organization and a belief in its values.
Affective Commitment
Brady and Liam spend much of their spare time volunteering at local charities, and they also like helping their friends. Brady and Liam likely score high on which Big Five trait?
Agreeableness
Judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which that person belongs is known as a. projection.
Stereotyping
Edwin Locke
goal-setting theory
A theory that says that specific and difficult goals, with feedback, lead to higher performance.
Individual Issues: "What's my role here?'
Group Issues: "Who is in charge and who does what?"
Storming
Ryan often speaks highly of his organization and feels proud to be part of it. Even though he has received other job offers, he chooses to stay because he and believes in the company’s mission. Ryan is exhibiting ________
affective commitment
A model that suggests that workplace events cause emotional reactions on the part of employees, which then influence workplace attitudes and behaviours.
affective events theory (AET)
AET offers two important messages. First, emotions provide valuable insights into how workplace events influence employee performance and satisfaction.
Second, employees and managers should not ignore emotions or the events that cause them, even when they appear minor, because they accumulate.
Timothy thinks nothing of berating his staff in order to get them to meet deadline; when his staff meet the deadlines, it confirms to Timothy that he is right to behave this way. Timothy's personality likely includes
Machiavellianism
David McClelland
McClelland’s theory of needs
Achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation.
Individual Issues: "How do I fit in?'
Group Issues: "Why are we here?"
Forming
Michael recently considered leaving his job to explore new opportunities. However, after calculating the potential loss of his pension benefits, healthcare, and the difficulty of finding a position with a comparable salary, he decides to stay with his current employer. Michael is exhibiting ________
What is continuance commitment?
What are the 8 MBTI personality preferences
A) Introversion (I), Extraversion (E), Thinking (T), Feeling (F), Sensing (S), Intuiting (N), Judging (J), Perceiving (P)
When Carrie drove up in her new car, Ken told her that she had made a mistake. Even though the car was very sporty, easy on gas, and had lots of trunk space, he ignored these attributes and told her it would need to be repaired frequently. He said this because he had previously owned the same car, and that was his experience. This is an example of
Selective Perception
Victor Vroom
expectancy theory
The theory that individuals act based on their evaluation of whether their effort will lead to good performance, whether good performance will be followed by a given outcome, and whether that outcome is attractive.
Individual Issues: "How do I best perform?'
Group Issues: "Can we do the job properly?"
Performing