States and Particles
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
Name 3 changes of state.
Melting, boiling, condensation, etc.
What is diffusion?
Movement of particles from high to low concentration.
Describe what do we mean by saying 'soluble'.
A substance that dissolves.
What numbers are residue and filtrate in this filtration picture?
1. Residue
4. Filtrate
Which states of matter can be compressed?
Liquid, gas.
What happens to particles when a solid melts?
They gain energy and move apart.
In which state of matter does diffusion occur the fastest?
Gas.
What are the solute, solvent, and solution in salty water?
Solute = salt, solvent = water, solution = salty water
Give an example of a mixture that can be separated by filtration.
Sand and water
Why can gases be compressed but solids can't?
Particles in gases are far apart (have spaces).
Use melting and boiling point data to say if water is solid at 50°C.
No, it's a liquid – between 0°C and 100°C.
Name 2- 3 conditions that can increase the pressure of gas.
Add more particles
Reduce the size of container
Heat it up
What does it mean when a solution is saturated?
It can't dissolve any more solute.
What is the purpose of distillation?
To separate a liquid from a solution, based on boiling points.
Compare the particle arrangement and movement in all three states.
Solids – fixed, vibrate
liquids – close, moving
gases – far, more freely
What does a flat line on a heating graph show?
A change of state is happening.
What happens to a balloon if you put it in the freezer?
It shrinks – gas particles move less.
Why does sugar dissolve better in warm water?
Particles move faster, so dissolve quicker.
Why do different substances travel different distances in chromatography?
Because they have different solubility in the solvent.