Culture
What is the term for the African-American religious song form that expressed the hardships and hopes of enslaved people?
spirituals
Which part of the United States had the most free Black people?
the south
What is Fort Mose, and why is it important?
first independent Black settlement in (what would be) the US
What is a cultural or historical significance of the Haitian Revolution?
first Black republic; first Republic in the Caribbean; second republic in the Western hemisphere; only ever successful slave revolt; first Republic to ban slavery; led to brief abolition in the French empire; terrified slaveholders in the US
spirituals; banjos; quilting; pottery; dance and music
According to partus sequitor ventrem, what determined the legal status (e.g. freedom vs. slavery) of a newborn?
The status of the mother.
What are some of the everyday ways in which enslaved people resisted their enslavers?
broke tools; worked slow; feigned ignorance; etc.
What role did maroons play in the Haitian revolution?
fought; relayed messages
African-American songs often used metaphor or symbolism to discuss legally forbidden topics. Give an example of what that might look like.
religious stories about going to heaven-->escaping slavery
coded messages about the underground railroad (maybe)
What is the connection between the American Colonization Society and changes in preferred ethnonyms in the Black community?ethnonym
Exiling Black people to Africa--->rejecting "African" as a term
What contextual development spurred the Stono Rebellion of 1739?
Spanish asylum for escaped English slaves (contingent on Catholic conversion)
Haiti's success as an independent nation was significantly hindered by what factors?
What are some concrete examples of African musical elements that were combined with Christian hymns to construct new African-American music forms?
syncopation; call and response; improvisation; syncopation
What is culturally and historically significant about the work of Black women activists in the 19th century?
early intersectional work; connected women's liberation to abolition
What methods did free Black people in the North use to advance social change?
institutions; political organizing; "intersectional" stuff
What is the connection between the Haitian Revolution and the Second Middle Passage?
This Senegambian song-form is the African ancestor of the blues.
Fodet.
What percentage of African-Americans were free in 1860?
12%
What is the connection between Kongolese civil wars and slave uprisings like the Stono Rebellion and the Haitian Revolution?
veterans of African wars were experienced in tactics and strategy; often familiar with Portuguese and Spanish
Name the first Emperor of Haiti.
Jean-Jacques Dessalines