Intro to PST
“The systematic and consistent practice of mental or psychological skills for the purpose of enhancing performance, increasing enjoyment, or achieving greater self-satisfaction" is the definition for
Psychological Skills Training (PST)
Anxiety reduction/relaxation exercises are classified as and/or ?
Cognitive and/or somatic
What is an example of an informal role on a team?
Comedian, spark plug, cancer, enforcer, mentor, informal leader, star player, malingerer, social convener
A psychoneuromuscular condition that lies on a continuum anchored by focal dystonia (e.g., involuntary tremors, freezing, or jerking of the hands) and choking (type II) caused by anxiety, nerves, and/or choking.
The yips
What is a common problem encountered when implementing Psychological Skills Training (PST) programs?
Lack of conviction
Lack of time
Lack of knowledge of sport
Lack of follow-up
This is an athlete’s ability to focus, rebound from failure, cope with pressure, and persist in the face of adversity.
Mental toughness
What are two arousal inducing techniques?
Increase breathing rate
Act energized
Use mood words and positive statements
Yell or shout
Listen to energizing music
Use energizing imagery
Complete a pre-competition workout
There is a circular relationship between team cohesion and team
performance
A includes two or more people who "interact with, and exert mutual influence on, each other.”
Group
What is one adaptive and one maladaptive method of coping?
Adaptive
Thought control (e.g., blocking distractions, mindfulness)
Task focus or narrowing
Rational thinking and self-talk
Positive focus and orientation
Social support
Precompetitive mental preparation and anxiety management
Time management
Training hard and smart
Maladaptive
Avoidance behaviors (i.e., procrastination)
Use of alcohol, nicotine, or other substances
Disordered eating
Excessive exercise
Sleeping more than usual
Isolation from peers / support network
Rumination
What is the ultimate goal of psychological skills training?
Self-regulation
What is the easiest and most effective way to control anxiety and muscle tension?
Breath control
The stage of team development in which familiarization, formation of interpersonal relationships, and development of team structure occurs is called
Forming
The process of constantly changing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external or internal demands or conflicts appraised as taxing or exceeding one’s resources is called
Coping
When individuals within a group or team put forth less than 100% effort due to loss of motivation.
Social loafing
When is the best time to implement Psychological Skills Training (PST)?
During the off-season
You must increase your of your psychological states before you can control your thoughts and feelings
Self-awareness
The phenomenon by which individual performance decreases as the number of people in the group increases.
The Ringelmann Effect
What is one example of a process that occurs during the norming phase of team development?
Development of solidarity and cooperation; group conflicts resolved.
Group purpose is defined more concretely.
Although mental toughness is typically perceived as desirable or a positive quality, some evidence suggests that it can lead to... (give one example)
Over-conformity -> Injury, overtraining, burnout, eating pathology, mental health concerns, use of performance enhancing drugs, etc.
What is one myth about Psychological Skills Training (PST)?
PST is for problem athletes only.
PST is for elite training only.
PST provides quick-fix solutions.
PST is not useful.
Tensing and relaxing specific muscles through a methodical progression process is called
Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)
What are the three theories of group development discussed in class?
Linear, cyclical (life cycle), and pendular
What are the three phases of Psychological Skills Training (PST)?
Education, Acquisition, and Practice
A type of anxiety reduction technique that uses an electronic monitoring device that can detect and amplify internal responses not ordinarily available to us is known as
Biofeedback