Muscle Architecture and Mechanics
This movement occurs when muscle torque is less than the force of the load.
What is an eccentric contraction?
This is when surviving axons develop sprouts to reinnervate abandoned targets.
What is collateral sprouting?
This side of the spinal cord is used to relay sensory information.
What is dorsal?
These types of kinetic exercises are used for controlling position during training.
What are closed-chained exercises?
When this happens, the nerve cell becomes less positive.
What is hyperpolarization?
This type of muscle fiber maximizes the number of fibers in a given volume, which maximizes force capacity.
What is pennate muscle fiber?
When an injury occurs, dendritic arbors, spine density, synapse number and size, and receptor density change.
What is structural change?
This contractile property of motor units is the summation of twitch forces in response to multiple action potentials.
What is tetanus?
This frequency wave is used during learning, motivation, reward system, and deep sleep.
What is delta wave?
What is the net driving force?
This genetic disorder is one of nine types of muscle dystrophy. It is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness caused by an absence of dystrophin.
What is Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)?
This type of motor recovery happens when residual neural tissue takes over a function that has been lost due to injury or disease.
What is compensation?
This technique extracts the force contributed by a single motor unit to the net muscle force during sustained voluntary contractions. It is calculated by running an average from many triggered events.
What is spiked-triggered averaging (STA)?
What is beta?
This channel is active at rest and is responsible for resting membrane potential. It is selectively permeable to K=, but partially to Na+ and Cl-.
What is leak channel?
An extracellular recording technique that measures the change in the potential difference in the extracellular space due to the activation of many motor units.
What is electromyography (EMG)?
When involved, functional improvement is the greatest.
What is recovery?
This technique is used to determine the distribution of muscle fibers. First, isolate and activate a single motor unit. Next, image the activated muscle fibers.
What is the glycogen-depletion technique?
For force oscillations, this region has the greatest power for diseased patients and is most responsible for force variability.
What is 0-0.5Hz?
This is the direction of the net force for K+ at normal membrane potential.
What is outward?
Typically found in the thalamus and gives rise to projection fibers that passes to a sensory region of the cerebral cortex.
What is the 3rd order neuron?
This autoimmune disorder disrupts myelination of peripheral nerves.
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?
After a muscle biopsy, researchers were able to compare contractile properties of fiber segments that differed in composition. This determines the amount of myosin ATPase is in the muscle.
What is myosin heavy chain (MHC)?
This type of synchronization has a low chance of synchronization due to the usage of interneurons.
What is motor unit broad-peak synchronization?
This equation calculates the equilibrium potential of an ion.
What is the Nernst equation?