Mitosis
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align in the center of the cell?
Metaphase.
What is the main pigment in plants that absorbs light for photosynthesis and makes the plant green?
Chlorophyll.
What is a monomer?
The smallest unit of something
What are the two types of nucleic acids and what is a nucleic acid?
DNA and RNA; nucleic acid is a macromolecule
Who studied pea plants and made big discoveries in the field of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What structure forms during mitosis to help separate the chromosomes?
Spindle fibers
In which organelle does cellular respiration primarily take place?
Mitochondria.
What are the four types of simple sugars?
Fructose, glucose, sucrose, galactose
What enzyme adds new nucleotides to the new DNA strand in DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
Ron mated a green pea plant with a yellow pea plant. He found that all the pea plant babies were yellow. What pattern of inheritance is this?
Simple dominance
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
2
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
H20 + CO2 + sunlight ---> O2 and glucose
What are the four types of macromolecules?
Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
What bond holds the sugar and phosphates together?
Covalent bond
Which of the following is homozygous recessive?
1. HH
2. Hh
3. hh
hh
What is the name of the phase in mitosis where the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes begin to decondense?
Telophase.
What process will occur if your body runs out of oxygen, but still needs a little bit more energy?
Fermentation
What is the monomer for a lipid?
Glycerol and fatty acid
What process convert DNA into mRNA?
Transcription
Kelly mated a palm tree that had thick branches (Tt) with a palm tree that had thin branches (tt). What is the probability that the offspring will have thick branches? (Simple dominance is occurring)
50 %
What is the purpose of mitosis?
For growth and fixing wounds
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain.
Mark wanted to make a nice supper for his friend. He decided to make chicken Alfredo with a creamy cheesy sauce. After eating the meal, Mark's friend began to feel very sick. He has stomach cramps and started breaking out in hives. What macromolecules was Mark allergic to in this scenario?
Protein and Carbohydrates
What is the end goal of translation?
To turn mRNA into protein
In a pedigree chart, how can you identify an autosomal dominant trait, and what is the likelihood that an affected individual will pass the trait to their offspring?
An autosomal dominant trait typically appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. An affected individual has a 50% chance of passing the trait to their offspring if they are heterozygous (Aa) for the dominant allele, as they can pass either the dominant (A) or the recessive (a) allele to their children.