The Enlightenment
An outlook that focuses on worldly things and is not interested in religion, this became more popular during the Enlightenment.
What is secular?
This hydrocarbon energy source was plentiful in Britain and helped fuel the Industrial Revolution.
What is coal?
Urbanization, inventions that enabled faster transportation, and the beginning of air and water pollution, especially in cities.
What is the Industrial Revolution?
He formulated the laws of motion and gravity. A famous story says his idea for gravity came to him when an apple fell on his head.
Who is Isaac Newton?
This form of transportation with tracks was important for moving goods during the Industrial Revolution.
What are railways?
Social critics in France during the 1700s
Who were the Philosophes?
These buildings, where goods were mass-produced, became common in British cities during the Industrial Revolution and employed many workers from rural areas.
What are factories?
John Locke, Voltaire, Mary Wollstonecraft, the Age of Reason, and new political ideas.
What is the Enlightenment?
A famous Italian sculptor and painter who created David and painted the Sistine Chapel.
Who is Michelangelo?
The crusades were a fight over this area in the Middle East, an area that Jews, Christians, and Muslims all believe is important.
What is the "Holy Land"?
A form of government in which people make decisions directly, this form of government was believed to be best by Rousseau, and many revolutions, like the French and American, took place after the Enlightenment, fighting for this type of government.
What is democracy?
An economic system that favored individualism, free enterprise, and encouraged entrepreneurs to start new businesses allowed the Industrial Revolution to thrive in England and later in the United States and other countries.
What is capitalism?
End of feudalism, the return of classical knowledge to Europe, the flowering of new ideas in art and architecture, and the rise of humanism.
What is the Renaissance?
Inventer of the printing press, an invention that led to a growing spread of new ideas in Europe during the Renaissance and Reformation
Who was Johann Gutenberg?
This word means a belief, often in a god or something else, that cannot be proved by science.
What is faith?
This form of power balancing, in which governments were divided into branches such as Executive, Judicial, and Legislative, was argued by Montesquieu to be best for creating checks on any one individual from taking too much power.
What is the separation of powers?
This movement in the rural parts of England led to the closing off of public lands and forced many farmers to move to the cities to find work.
What is the Enclosure Movement?
Peace of Augsburg, Leo X, Rise of Lutheranism
What is the Protestant Reformation?
He was the Aztec leader who was overthrown following Hernán Cortés's invasion.
Who is Montezuma?
This was the part of the Traingular Trade where African slaves were shipped on boats from Africa to the New World. The conditions on the boats were terrible, and many died during the journey.
What is the Middle Passage?
This British Philosopher wrote a book called "Leviathan," which famously argued that man in the State of Nature lives a life that is "nasty, brutish, and short." A strong central government is needed to make a Social Contract with citizens, providing them with stability and protection.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
The Industrial Revolution led to many societal reforms, including giving people, including women, the right to vote. This word means the right to vote.
What is suffrage?
Robert Boyle, Vesalius, and René Descartes.
What is the Scientific Revolution?
He said all people are born free. He believed everyone has Natural Rights: Life, Liberty (freedom), and Property.
Who is John Locke?
The model developed by the Ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy states that the Earth is at the center of the universe. This theory was later proved wrong first by Copernicus, and later by Galileo.
What is the geocentric model?