Allele Frequency
What is an allele?
One or two alternative versions of a gene.
What are the allele frequencies of a gene pool?
P + q =1 represents the relationship between the frequencies of this in a population.
What is genetic drift?
a change in allele frequencies due to change.
Define natural selection.
The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Define mutation.
What is allele Frequency?
Proportion of a specific allele in a population. Measures how common an allele is.
What is the genotype frequency equation for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium?
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
How does genetic drift differ from natural selection in evolution?
Natural selection causes evolution based on the fitness of an organism. Genetic Drift causes evolution by random chance.
What role does variation play in natural selection?
Genetic variation provides the diversity needed for natural selection to act, allowing environmental pressures to favor individuals with beneficial traits.
All mutations are bad.
false
What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive allele?
Dominant alleles are expressed over recessive alleles.
List the five conditions necessary for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
Large Population
Random Mating
No Natural Selection
No Mutation
No Migration or gene Flow
What is the founder effect?
A small group of individuals breaks off from a larger population to establish a new population, with different allele frequencies than the original population.
Who came up with the theory of Natural Selection?
Charles Darwin
How do mutations drive evolution?
They introduce new genetic variations that can be acted on by natural selection.
How can natural selection affect allele frequency?
If natural selection favored a specific allele, the allele frequency would increase overtime.
If it is not a favored allele, the allele frequencies will decrease.
If the frequency of the recessive allele q is 0.40, what is the frequency of the dominant allele p?
0.60
are large or small populations more susceptible to genetic drift
Small Populations
What would happen if an environment changes drastically and none of the organisms in the environment have favorable adaptations?
Extinction
What is natural selection's role in mutation?
Natural selection can favor beneficial mutations and eliminate harmful ones over time.
Describe how allele frequencies can be used in evolutionary biology.
The change in allele frequencies can be used to indicate the evolution of a population.
If the frequency of the recessive allele is q is 0.40 and the dominant allele frequency p is 0.60, what is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype, 2pq?
0.48
Explain how genetic drift can lead to a loss of genetic variation in a population.
Due to random chance, certain alleles can disappear from the population entirely.
How is genetic variation an important part of Natural Selection?
Genetic variation is important because having differences allows some organisms to better adapt and change easier than other organisms.
When do mutations pass to the next generation?
During reproduction