functions and clinical applications of the respiratory system
What are the different types of lung volumes?
tidal volume: the volume inhaled and exhaled during a cycle of respiration; dependent upon age, build and physical activity
inspiratory reserve volume: amount of air that can be inhaled above the tidal volume
expiratory reserve volume: the amount of air that can be exhaled below tidal volume
residual volume: the amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation
What are the different types of lung capacities?
vital capacity: includes the tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume; it is essentially the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after inhaling as deeply as possible
functional residual capacity: the expiratory residual volume and residual volume; so the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of expiratory level
inspiratory capacity: amount of air that can be inhaled from end of the expiratory level; so a combination of tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume
total lung capacity: the total amount of air that the lungs are capable of holding, includes all the volumes
Why does the volume of the lungs increase during inspiration the alveolar pressure increases?
Boyle's Law
What is one of the 5 major changes when switching to breathing for life and breathing for speech?
location of air intake: inhaling and exhaling for life breathing takes place through the nose; inhaling and exhaling for speech occur through the mouth
ratio of time for inhalation vs. exhalation: life breathing → inhale 40%, exhale 60%; speech breathing → inhale 10% exhale 90% **makes speech more efficient because it is produced on the exhale
volume of air inhaled/exhaled: more for speech breathing, increases with louder and longer utterances
muscle activity for exhalation: life breathing → exhalation is passive, relies on recoil forces; speech breathing → muscle activity is utilized. Inspiration muscles continue to contract to prevent the lungs from depleting too quickly chest wall shape
life breathing → abdomen displaced outward relative to rib cage
speech breathing → abdomen placed inward relative to rib cage
What is a characteristic of a person’s speech/voice with Parkinson’s Disease?
monotone, imprecise articulation, breathy, low intensity and weak; breathy and weak typically due to poor respiratory support