Pharmacology
What is the MOA of Amantadine
potentiates dopamine release in brain
Hyaluronic Acid is only FDA approved for this 1x specific indication?
Knee OA
What 1x nerve is responsible for increased GI Activity from the proximal GI tract up until the mid transverse colon?
Vagus Nerve
What Imaging Modality is best to detect Heterotrophic Ossification?
Triple Phase Bone Scan
Local Anesthetics (Lidocaine) MOA
reversible blocking of Na Channels
What are the 2x FDA approved medications for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain?
1) Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
2) Pre-gabalin (Lyrica)
***First 2 letters
Patellar Dislocation/Subluxation can be treated with this type of brace
J-Brace
What 1x specific nerve is injured with midshaft humeral fracture?
Radial Nerve --> wrist drop
What kind of Pain Syndrome is commonly associated with Breast Cancer?
Post Mastectomy Pain Syndrome (aka Intercostal Neuralgia T1-T2)
What is the anatomical landmark used when performing a Stellate Ganglion Block?
Chassaignac Tubercle (Carotid Tubercle) at the C6 Vertebral Body
What 3x medications can be used for Autonomic Dysreflexia in SCI
1) Nifedipine
2) Clonidine
3) Nitropaste
Describe treatment for Outer 1/3 vs Inner 2/3 Meniscus Tears
-Outer 1/3 = surgical REPAIR
-Inner 2/3 = surgical RESECTION
What 1x specific nerve is injured with posterior elbow fractures?
Ulnar Nerve
Which type of muscle fiber performs PURELY Anaerobic metabolism?
(Be Specific)
Type 1: pure oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic)
-Type 2A: mixed glycolytic/aerobic
-Type 2B: pure glycolytic (anaerobic)
What 1x interventional treatment is specifically indicated for controlling pain from epigastric viscera?
Celiac Plexus Block
(aka abominal neoplasms)
What 1x anti spasticity medication is ideal for someone with a TBI?
Dantrolene --> think MOA
Borders of the Anatomic Snuff Box:
-Lateral (2x)
-Medial (1x)
Lateral: APL & EPB
Medial: EPL
Injury of this 1x specific nerve layer indicates a poor prognosis for nerve re-growth
Epineurium
Riluzole & what other 1x SPECIFIC treatment is recommended for all patients with ALS?
submaximal exercise
Describe the duration of action for:
1) Lidocaine
2) Bupivacaine
1) Lidocaine = 30-60 mins
2) Bupivacaine = 2- 4 hours
Which 1x specific TBI medication used for increasing arousal does NOT lower the seizure threshhold?
Methylphenidate
Type 1 vs Type 2 vs Type 3 Odontoid Fractures
A) Which type (s) are stable?
B) Which type requires surgery?
Type1: stable , HALO
Type 2: unstable . surgery
Type 3: stable, HALO
What 1x muscle in the body has pure C5 innervation?
Rhomboids
Distinguish btwn the following using DEXA scores:
1) Normal Bone Mass
2) Osteopenia
3) Osteoporosis
-Normal Bone Mass = T-score of 0 to -1 SD from baseline
-Osteopenia = T-score -1 to -2.5 SD from baseline
-Osteoporosis = T-score >-2.5 SD from baseline
1) When performing subarachnoid neurolysis with alcohol does the patient lay on the affected or unaffected side?
2) Why?
1) unaffected side
2) alcohol is HYPObaric compared to CSF --> so it will rise up
***phenol will be the opposite