Airway
This drug is used in the management of severe larygospasm that cannot be relieved with CPAP.
What is Succinylcholine?
This device is used to assist in the assertion of a nasotracheal tube.
What are the Magill Forceps?
This is the formula for calculating cerebral perfusion pressure.
What is MAP-ICP?
This electrolyte abnormality is a concern during a TURP procedure due to irrigation fluids.
What is hyponatremia
Following an interscalene block, a patient develops dyspnea, indicating paralysis of this cranial nerve.
What is the Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5)?
The cricothyroid membrane lies between:
A) Thyroid cartilage and trachea
B) Cricoid cartilage and first tracheal ring
C) Hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
D) Thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
What is D, Thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage?
If pipeline oxygen pressure falls below 20 psi, what occurs?
A) N2O flow increases
B) Vaporizers shut off
C) N2O flow proportionally decreases
D) The O2 flush is disabled
What is C, N2O flow proportionally decreases
The fail-safe valve proportionally reduces or stops N2O when O2 pressure falls.
Nitric Oxide significantly depresses the amplitude of this type of intraoperative monitoring.
What are SSEP (Somatosensory Evoked Potentials)?
A common nerve injury associated with lithotomy positioning.
What is common peroneal nerve injury?
Recommended initial bolus dose of 20% lipid emulsion for LAST in adults.
A) 0.25 mL/kg
B) 1.5 mL/kg
C) 3mL/kg
D 5 mL/kg
What is B, 1.5 mL/kg?
1.5 mL/kg bolus, followed by infusion 0.25mL/kg/min.
Earlly laryngospasm is best treated with:
A) Positive pressure ventilation with 100% O2
B) Atropine
C) Immediate suctionylcholine
D) Deep extubation
What is A, Positive pressure ventilation with 100% O2?
Jaw thrust + CPAP often breaks partial laryngospasm before paralysis is needed.
Why is a desflurane vaporizer electrically heated?
A) To prevent freezing
B) To maintain constant vapor pressure
C) To increase carrier gas flow
D) To reduce fresh gas flow
What is B, To maintain constant vapor pressure?
Desflurane has a high vapor pressure (~669mmHg). Heating stabiizes vapor pressure and ensures accurate delivery.
During laparoscopic surgery with pneumoperitoneum peak airway pressures increase and ETCO2 rises. Which physiologic change most contributes to the increase in ETCO2?
A Increased physiologic deadspace
B Decreased FRC
C Increased CO2 absorption from peritoneum
D Decreased pulmonary perfusion
What is C?
Increased CO2 absorption from peritoneum
CO2 insufflation increases systemic CO2 absorption -> increases PaCO2 and ETCO2
This spinal anesthetic level is typically required for TURP.
What is T10?
Why do local anesthetics block sympathetic fibers before motor fibers?
A) Sympathetic fiibers are larger
B) Sympathetic fibers are more mylinated
C) Motor fibers are unmylinated
D) Sympathetic fibers are smaller and more sensitive
What is D, Sympathetic fibers are smaller and more sensitive?
The narrowest part portion of the pediatric airway is:
A) Epiglottis
B) Cricoid cartilage
C) Vocal cords
D) Subglottic trachea
What is B, Cricoid cartilage
A sudden loss of ETCO2 waveform with maintained SpO2 and stable hemodynamics most likely indicatesL
A) Pulmonary Embolism
B) Esophageal intubation
C) Disconnected sampling line
D) Cardiac arrest
What is C, Disconnected sampling line
Abrupt loss with an otherwise stable patient = equipment issue first.
Hyperventilation reduces ICP primarily by
A) Decreasing cerebral metabolic rate
B) Causing cerebral vasodilation
C) Causing cerebral vasoconstriction
D) Increasing CSF absorption
What is C, Causing cerebral vasoconstriction?
decreased PaCO2 ->cerebral vasoconstriction->
decreased cerebral blood volume ->decreased ICP
This medication class may worsen urinary retention postoperatively.
What are anticholinergics?
Compared to femoral nerve block, adductor canal block:
A) Provides superior analgesia
B) Preserves quadriceps strength
C) Blocks obturator nerve more reliably
D) Causes more hypotension
What is B, Preserves quadriceps strength?
Primarily sensory block of saphenous nerve-> better motor preservation.
During pressure-controlled ventilation, sudden rise in peak pressure, with absent ETCO2 waveform and hypotension after central line placement suggests:
A) Bronchospasm
B) Esophageal intubation
C) Circuit disconnection
D) Tension pneumothorax
What is D, Tension pneumothorax?
Classic presentation- high pressure + no ETCO2+hemodynamic collapse.
In pressure-controlled ventilation, tidal volume varies with:
A) Respiratiory Rate
B) Lung Compliance and resistance
C) Inspiratory pressure
D) Fresh gas flow
What is B, Lung compliance and resistance
VT depends on compliance and resistance when pressure is fixed.
Which most increases myocardial oxygen demand?
A) Increase diastolic time
B) Decreased afterload
C) Tachycardia
D) Increased hemoglobin
What is C, Tachycardia?
HR is the strongest determinant of myocardial O2 consumption
Which opiod has the highest lipid solubility and fastest onset?
A) Fentanyl
B) Morphine
C) Hydromorphone
D) Remifentanil
What is A, Fentanyl?
Which local anesthetic has the highest cardiotoxic potential?
A) Lidocaine
B) Ropivacaine
C) Mepivacaine
D) Bupivacaine
What is D, Bupivacaine?
Highly lipid soluable and binds strongly to cardiac sodium channels.