Introduction Unit
Is Earth considered an open or closed system?
Closed
Know the astronomy contribution of Eratosthenes
What process occurs in the core of the sun?
Nuclear Fusion
Order the following minerals from hardest to softest (halite, graphite, quartz)
What conditions are required to form a fossil?
Rapid Burial & Hard Parts
A variable that is changed on purpose by the experimenter.
What is the difference between the heliocentric and geocentric model?
Heliocentric = sun-centered solar system
Geocentric = earth-centered solar system
Name the star colors in order from hottest to coldest
Blue, White, Yellow, Orange, Red
If a rock has large crystals, what are three things that you know about it?
It cooled slowly, it is intrusive, and it is coarse-grained
What was the importance of the stromatolites?
They contributed a large amount of oxygen to the atmosphere
Name the Earth's four spheres
Hydrosphere, Geosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere
What is the difference between a rotation and a revolution?
Rotation = 1 day/1 spin
Revolution = 365 days/1 lap around sun
What causes the lunar phases?
The amount of the sunlit half of the moon that is facing the earth
What is the difference between a foliated and non-foliated rock?
A rock that has gone through metamorphism
Contact metamorphism makes a non-foliated rock (very crystalized)
Regional metamorphism makes a foliated rock (striped or layered)
Which type of dinosaurs were known to have feathers?
Theropods/Raptors
What is a contour interval?
The difference in elevation between two contour lines
What are the two main groups of planets?
Name the planets in order
Jovian = Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
What two forces are constantly working on a star?
Nuclear fusion (outwards)
Gravity (inwards)
What is the difference between organic, chemical, and clastic rocks?
Organic = from something living
Chemical = evaporated from water
Clastic = broken down rock pieces
What is the definition of half-life?
The time it takes for one half of all of the radioactive isotopes to decay
What is a carbon source? Give the definition and an example
Something that gives off carbon - example would be people/animals exhaling, or burning fossil fuels
What is the difference between an asteroid and a comet?
Asteroid = rocky object orbiting between Mars and Jupiter
Comet = Icy, rocky object in individual elongated orbits
What is a sunspot? Why does it occur? What is its temperature in comparison to the rest of the sun?
A darker spot on the surface of the sun, caused by magnetic field interference, and they are cooler than the surrounding area
What are the names of three clastic sedimentary rocks and what are the sediments and their sizes?
Breccia/Conglomerate = Pebbles (Large)
Sandstone = Sand (Medium)
Shale = Mud (X-small or Small)
What is the correct order of organism appearance for the following (not currently in order)
Humans
Stromatolites
Dinosaurs
Reptiles
Mammals
Fish
Amphibians
Oldest:
Stromatolites
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Dinosaurs
Mammals
Humans