CHAPTER 1: Organizational Behavior & Theory
This field studies how individuals and groups behave within organizations and how that behavior affects organizational effectiveness.
What is organizational behavior?
This theory argues that managers should first help employees meet basic needs before expecting high performance.
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
Having a workforce that includes differences in race, gender, age, culture, and ways of thinking is known as this concept.
What is diversity?
This learning process involves experimentation, discovery, and innovation.
What is exploration?
Feelings, beliefs, and opinions that influence how individuals behave describe this concept.
What are attitudes?
Unlike organizational behavior, this field focuses on organizations as a whole and how they interact with other organizations and the environment.
What is organizational theory?
Managers who believe employees are lazy and must be closely supervised follow this management assumption.
What is Theory X?
A healthcare worker assumes patients from their own cultural background make better health decisions than others. This mindset reflects this concept.
What is ethnocentrism?
After a medication error, staff members fix the process without questioning underlying problems, assumptions, or values.
What is single‑loop learning?
A nurse believes in patient‑centered care but feels forced to rush through visits, creating internal conflict.
What is cognitive dissonance?
Frederick W. Taylor’s approach treated workers as interchangeable parts to maximize this outcome.
What is efficiency?
A supervisor makes a hiring decision quickly using limited information and chooses a “good enough” candidate. This illustrates this decision‑making concept.
What is bounded rationality?
A hospital redesigns patient education materials after noticing language barriers are limiting care quality. This effort improves this organizational capability.
What is cultural competence?
A hospital embeds training into daily routines, promotes safe questioning, and uses feedback loops for improvement.
What is a learning organization?
Improving salaries and working conditions reduces dissatisfaction but does not increase motivation. These factors fall into this category.
What are hygiene factors?
Healthcare organizations are especially complex because employees are highly differentiated by this combination of factors.
What are training, licensure, and professional specialization?
A clinic leader relies on IT staff, vendors, and payers to function effectively and adjusts strategy to reduce dependence on any one group.
What is resource dependence theory?
Leadership develops mentoring programs, inclusive hiring practices, and leadership pipelines—not because it is required, but to improve outcomes.
What is diversity management?
Understanding, interpreting, integrating, and institutionalizing are four stages of this process.
What is the learning cycle?
Going beyond formal job responsibilities to help the organization describes this type of employee behavior.
What are organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs)?
These studies at Western Electric revealed the importance of social relationships and gave rise to the Human Relations Movement.
What are the Hawthorne Experiments?
The scalar principle emphasizes communication flowing through this organizational structure.
What is the chain of command?
A well‑intentioned provider unknowingly treats patients differently due to ingrained assumptions. This type of bias contributes to healthcare disparities.
What is implicit (unconscious) bias?
Questioning underlying assumptions, values, or governing variables defines this type of learning.
What is double‑loop learning?
An employee stays with an organization because they want to, not because they need to or feel obligated.
What is affective commitment?