Vocab
What were the Crusades?
A series of holy wars between Christians and Muslims over the holy land of Jerusalem.
Why did Popes and Kings have conflict?
They had a power struggle because of their roles in the church vs the government.
What plague was spread from China through Europe and killed about a third of the population?
Bubonic Plague (Black Death)
Who owns all of the land in the kingdoms?
King
Who is at the top of the pyramid in the Catholic Church?
Pope
What is heresy?
An idea that goes against the teachings of the Catholic Church
Who fought at the Battle of Hastings to become the King of England instead of the Duke of Normandy?
William the Conqueror
How did the end of feudalism affect urban societies and social classes?
It led to the growth of towns due to people moving off manors as well as the forming of the middle class because the extremely poor could now make money.
The poorest people who do all of the work in society.
Serfs/Peasants
Why were missionaries important to Christianity at this time? Who is an example of this?
They traveled to spread Christianity across Europe; St Patrick
What does excommunicate mean?
To kick someone out of the Catholic Church
Who is the Muslim leader who took control of the holy land in the Second Crusade? Who is the English king who compromised with him?
Saladin and Richard I (the Lionhearted)
List the four agricultural improvements in Europe of the time.
Heavy plow, horse collar, crop rotation, wind/water mill
What was the role of Knights in the feudal system?
To stay loyal to the nobles by protecting the manor and going to fight for the lord when the king calls.
All of the ordained leaders of the church are known as the ________.
Clergy
What is a guild? Give an example of one.
A group of people in the same field of work; Blacksmith, cobbler, tailor, etc
Which king was most known for uniting much of Europe under one empire and religion as well as spreading Christianity?
Charlemagne
What was the time period when people were being questioned, tried, and sometimes executed for heresy and going against the Catholic Church?
(Spanish) Inquisition
These people are granted land by the king in exchange for sending military when war arises.
Lords/Nobles
The common people who attended church made up the ________.
Laity
What is the Reconquista?
A time in Spain where Christians were trying to reconquer their land from Muslims who previously invaded and took over.
List two ways the Magna Carta limits the government.
Gives people trial by jury and makes the King follow laws.
Explain what the Hundred Years' War was and Joan of Arc's role in it.
King of England claimed the French throne. England ended up losing all territorial claims on France after years of back and forth including land that was claimed by William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy. Joan of Arc was a French peasant girl who fought and gave France motivation to defend their land after her execution by the English.
Manors had all aspects of societies/kingdoms so that they did not have to rely on outside help to survive. This means that they were ________________.
self-sufficient
How did monasteries preserve knowledge and spread Christianity?