Week 9
Genes that are present at basal levels in all cell types
What are housekeeping genes?
Dangerous to the germ line during gametogenesis
What is transposons?
The part of a transmembrane protein that sits inside the lipid bilayer is almost always made up of these types of amino acids, because they are compatible with the hydrophobic fatty acid core of the membrane.
What are hydrophobic amino acids?
Transmembrane channel proteins that open and close in response to changes in electrical potential across cell membranes
What are voltage-gated ion channels?
Short DNA sequences (about 5-12 nt) that control gene transcription.
What is cis-regulatory sequences?
A single gene is made up of coding regions called these, which are the only segments that end up in the final mRNA after processing.
What are exons?
Family of proteins that connect membrane proteins to the spectrin cytoskeleton
What are ankyrins?
Identified pumped hydrophobic drugs out of the cytosol
What is first eukaryotic ABC transporters?
Gene expression can be regulated at this first step by controlling whether DNA is tightly wound around histones or loosely open and accessible.
What is chromatin remodeling (epigenetic regulation)?
Phenomenon of random selection of the maternal or paternal X chromosome for inactivation in a cell during early development
What is X-inactivation?
Oligosaccharide chain on outer plasma membrane proteins and lipids form this layer.
What is carbohydrate-rich layer?
During the rising phase of an action potential, these channels open rapidly and allow sodium to rush into the cell, causing the membrane to depolarize toward a positive voltage.
What are voltage-gated sodium channels?