Business/Tech
THIS entrepreneur was Head of the Standard Oil Company and the richest American ever.
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
A process whereby workers (unions) join together to have more leverage in labor disputes with employers.
What is collective bargaining?
Millions of immigrants entered America through THIS location on the east coast.
What is Ellis Island?
Leader of the Populist movement who gave the famous “Cross of Gold” speech in 1896
Who is William Jennings Bryan?
A period of increased U.S. manufacturing between the 1860s - 1910s.
What is the 2nd Industrial Revolution?
Poor Scottish immigrant who made a fortune in steel and became a world-famous philanthropist.
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
She helped organize strikes and marches to defend workers' rights, especially child laborers.
Who is Mary Harris "Mother" Jones?
--Came in the 1840s/50s, mainly from N & W Europe, settled in rural areas, farmed, some spoke English
--Came in the 1880s/90s, mainly from S & E Europe, settled in cities, worked in factories, different languages and religions
What are Old immigrants?
What are New immigrants?
Both gold and silver being made into coins to determine the value of paper money
What is free coinage?
Two (2) things that contributed to the growth of cities during the 2nd Industrial Revolution.
What are: building of factories; JOBS; immigration; movement from rural areas to cities; steel (skyscrapers, bridges, etc,); better transportation/mass transit systems; etc.
This 1890 law was government's first real attempt to limit the power of monopolies (when one company controls all or most of a certain industry). It was not very effective.
What is the Sherman Anti-trust Act?
Head of the American Federation of Labor who fought to improve conditions for mainly white, male, skilled workers.
Who is Samuel Gompers?
Passed in 1882, this law was the first to ban a specific ethnic/racial group from coming to America.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
Famous Populist speaker and author traveled the country urging farmers and laborers alike to revolt against “wage slavery.” She wrote The Problem of Civilization Solved.
Who is Mary Elizabeth Lease?
Not wealthy, not poor, THIS large group of consumers emerged in America during the 2nd Industrial Revolution.
What is the American middle class?
Business technique that involves owning all the steps in the manufacturing process.
A method of business expansion that involves buying out your competitors in the same field.
What is vertical integration?
What is horizontal integration?
THIS 1886 event in Chicago resulted in the deaths police officers and civilians, and led to the eventual decline of the Knights of Labor union.
What is the Haymarket Riot?
--Neighborhood centers in cities that offered social and educational services to working class and immigrants
--Informal networks within immigrant communities to help in case of sickness, death or unemployment
What are Settlement Houses?
What are benevolent societies?
Oliver Hudson Kelley founded the THIS organization in 1867 to improve the lives of farmers
What is the National Grange?
Three (3) NEGATIVE impacts of the 2IR on America.
What are: Poor working conditions (low pay, bad hours, unsafe/unhealthy); Immigration (take jobs, lower wages, not assimilating well); Factory pollution; Farmers hit by lower prices caused by overproduction fueled by 2IR tech (tractors); Greater wealth/income disparity; Native Americans lose land/culture; etc.
Banker and railroad tycoon who bought Carnegie Steel, turning it into U.S. Steel, the first billion dollar corporation in history.
Who is J. P. Morgan?
Danish immigrant whose photographs of life in NYC tenement houses in the late-1880s helped change conditions for many poor, working-class families and immigrants.
Who is Jacob Riis?
As more new immigrants contributed to the growth of American cities, many white, middle-class Americans relocated to HERE.
What are the suburbs?
Three (3) problems farmers faced in the late 1800s.
What are: lower prices (less income) cause by overproduction/surplus (exacerbated by new 2IR machinery); debt (bankers); environmental problems (drought, floods, bugs, etc.); Panic of 1873/1893 means less demand for goods; RR companies overcharging to transport goods; property taxes, but no income tax; gold standard limited money supply and kept prices low; etc.
Three (3) POSITIVE impacts of the 2IR on America.
What are: Increased tech/inventions (refrigerator, wash. machine, vacuum, air cond. etc.); Increased manufacturing makes US leading industrial power in world (surpassing Germany); JOBS; Immigration (growth of the country and diversity); Growth of cities (steel = RR, bridges, skyscrapers); Consumer prices lower as goods are mass produced; Growth of the middle class in America; Massive wealth increase in America (more millionaires); Start of unions and labor movement in America; etc.