Earthquakes
The first type of wave to arrive at a location after an earthquake.
What is a P (Primary) wave?
These rocks are formed on or near the Earth’s surface from the compression of ocean sediments or other processes and they look like they are made of small bits of material formed together.
What are sedimentary rocks?
The name of the super continent that allowed Greenland to once be in a tropical location.
What is pangea?
The type of weathering when acid rain dissolves limestone.
What is chemical weathering?
The 4 layers of the Earth starting from the center.
What are the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust?
The last type of wave to arrive at a location after an earthquake. These are the most damaging.
What are surface waves?
Type of rocks that form when they are subjected to high heat, high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids. They often have a layered pattern.
What are metamorphic rocks?
The formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side. The younger rocks are in the middle close to the ridge while older rocks are pushed out toward continents.
What is seafloor spreading?
The type of weathering when an animal burrows into the earth breaking up rocks.
What is physical or mechanical weathering?
The cause of arrival times between the P waves and S waves increasing as it relates to the distance between the epicenter and the seismic station.
An increase in distance from the epicenter to the seismic station?
The type of wave that can ONLY travel through solids.
What are S (secondary) waves?
Rocks that cool quickly and have smaller crystals.
What are extrusive rocks?
The type of plate boundary when one oceanic plate sinks beneath another oceanic plate. A subduction zone forms along the boundary where the denser plate sinks into the mantle.
What is Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence?
The process that causes rocks to get smaller and/or smoother, particularly after they have traveled hundreds of miles along a river.
What is physical erosion?
The number of half-lives that have passed if a sample contains 25% of its original parent carbon-14
What are 2 half-lives?
The number of seismic recording stations that are needed to determine the exact location of an earthquake's epicenter.
What are 3 stations?
Rocks that cool slowly and have large crystals.
What are intrusive rocks?
Whan land crust splits apart effectively creating a new ocean basin as the pieces of the continent move apart. Magma rises beneath the continent, causing it to become thinner, break, and ultimately split apart.
What is continental divergence?
The mechanism that forms a canyon.
What is erosion or water weathering?
The point on the earth's SURFACE vertically above the hypocenter (focus)
What is the epicenter?
The place inside Earth's CRUST where an earthquake originates.
What is the focus/ hypocenter?
The type of rock found in a subduction zone.
What are metamorphic rocks?
When lava gets erupted at the mid-ocean ridge axis it cools and turns into hard rock through seafloor spreading. As it cools it becomes permanently magnetized in the direction of the Earth's magnetic field causing this phenomenon.
What is magnetic striping?
The process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material.
What is deposition?
Drives the movement of Earth's rigid tectonic plates on the planet's fluid molten mantle.
What are convection currents?