Prokaryotes and Viruses
What is taxonomy?
The science of naming, describing, and identification of organisms
What is Eukarya?
Everything with cells containing a nucleus
This type of plant tissue transports water, minerals, and sugars between roots and shoots.
Vascular tissue
What is chlorophyll?
The name of the green pigment that plants use to make food during a process called photosynthesis. This is also what gives plants their green color.
What is a domain?
This is the largest level of classification.
Which classification do humans belong to?
Animalia
What are Archaea?
These ancient microbes live in extreme environments like hot springs and salty lakes
What are bryophytes?
Plants that do not have vascular tissue and rely on osmosis for water.
Low growing plants
Do not have true roots, stems, or leaves
What are anthocyanins?
This pigment causes red, purple, or blue colors in the leaves, especially in the fall.
What is binary fission?
This is the main way bacteria reproduce.
What is an endospore?
A thick internal wall made of several hard layers produced by the bacterium that encloses its DNA and other essential parts. This allows the bacteria to survive harsh conditions.
What are protists?
Eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi.
What is the gametophyte generation?
The haploid generation of a plant that produces sperm and egg (gametes
Explain at least three characteristic differences in monocot vs dicot plants.
Monocot: 1 Cotyledon, fibrous roots, parallel leaf veis, scattered stem vascular bundles, flower parts in threes
Dicot: 2 cotyledons, tap root, net leaf veins, vascular bundles form a ring, flowers parts in 4 or five.
What is grafting?
Joining two plants together
Used to produce fruit trees/ flowers with desired outcomes
No genetic material is exchanged, each part keeps its original DNA
What is the correct order of classification from largest to smallest? (8)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Explain Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes
Example of each and at least 3 characteristics
Eukaryotes: has a nucleus, has organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts, etc.), bigger. Ex: Animals, plants, fungi, protists
Prokaryotes: (bacteria, archaea) are simple, small, unicellular cells lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, with circular DNA in the cytoplasm
What is the stigma?
This part of the flower is sticky and catches pollen during pollination.
Explain the 2 types of vascular tissue. Give at least 2 characteristics
Xylem: tissue in plants that transports water and dissolved minerals from the root to the rest of the plant, provides structural support. Transports water UP
Phloem: tissue in plants that transports sugars and other organic nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant. Flows DOWN
List at least 3 fungal diseases
Human: Athletes foot, Ringworm, candida yeast infection (thrush)
Plant: Rusts and smuts, chestnut blight, Dutch elm disease, Ergot on rye, Potato wart
Explain bacteria vs virus
(At least 4 characteristics)
Bacteria: living, single-cell, no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, reproduce independently, bacteria are larger in size, treated with antibiotics
Virus: non-living (outside a host), made of genetic material in a protein coat (nucleic acid: DNA or RNA wrapped in a protein). viruses reproduce by attacking host to make copies of themselves. viruses are much smaller in size, treated with antivirals or vaccines
What are the three parts of a fungi?
Hyphae: thread like structures that are the building blocks of fungi.
Mycelium: Interwoven mat of hyphae that functijon as the feeding structure.
Fruiting Body: mushroom top, responsible for producing spores.
In an angiosperm, double fertilization produces what?
A diploid zygote and an angiosperm
Explain at least four characteristic differences in monocot vs dicot plants.
Monocot: 1 Cotyledon, fibrous roots, parallel leaf veis, scattered stem vascular bundles, flower parts in threes
Dicot: 2 cotyledons, tap root, net leaf veins, vascular bundles form a ring, flowers parts in 4 or five.
Name the four processes for which plants require water?
Photosynthesis
Turgor Pressure
Hydrolysis
Transport