Formation & Layers
Inferred Properties
Relative Dating
Absolute Dating
Fossils
100
What are the 4 layers of the Earth?
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
100
Using the chart: What is the density of the Mantle?
3.4-5.6 g/cm3
100
The phrase "Youngest on the top and oldest on the bottom" relates to which relative dating term?
Law of Superposition
100
What is a parent isotope? What is a daughter isotope?
Original Sample.
The product of the radioactive decay.
100
What types of fossils are leaf imprints?
Trace
200
What happened to differentiated material as the Earth formed?
(What rose, what sank?)
Dense materials (metals) fell to the center.
Less dense materials (rocks) floated to the top.
200
Using the chart: What is the approximate temperature between the outer core & inner core?
~6000K or ~6200K
200
If I were to find a piece of rock included in another rock, then the principle of inclusions states that __________
The Law of Intrusions, however, states that if it is an igneous intrusion then it must be ________ than the rock it passes through.
any piece of rock included in another must be older than the rock it is included in.
Younger.
200
What is a half-life?
The amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive isotope sample to decay down.
Ex:
200
What type of fossils are footprints?
Trace
300
What is the phase of matter for each layer of the Earth?
Crust = Solid
Mantle = Semi-solid
Outer Core = Liquid
Inner Core = Solid
300
Earth's internal heat comes from what 3 sources?
Cooling from its formation, friction from convection, radioactive decay.
300
The Law of Cross-cutting states that _________.
And an unconformity is ___________.
Any faulting or folding must have happened after the rock was formed.
A break in the rock record.
300
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate Hydrogen Isotopes:
1H
2H
3H
300
Dinosaur bones and shark teeth are a form of what type of fossil?
Direct
400
Where did water come from and why can it exist as a liquid on Earth?
Asteroids. Earth is in the Goldilocks zone.
400
Give the image: What is being shown in image A? What is being shown in image B? How do you know?
A = S-waves. The seismic waves do not travel through the liquid outer core.
B = P-waves. The seismic waves travel through both solids & the liquid outer core.
400
The Law of Faunal Succession states that _________
Layers containing similar fossils must have been made at the same time.
400
Nolium has a half-life of 10 years.
If you had a 100g sample then after a total of 20 years you would have how much of the parent isotope left?
25g or 25% of the original.
400
What type of fossil is shown?
Direct
500
Which type of crust is thin, dense, and made of basalt/iron?
Which type of crust is thick, less dense, and made of granite/silicates?
Oceanic = Thin & Dense & basalt/iron
Continental = Thick & Less dense & Granite/silicates
500
Which layers of Earth have convective cycles? What does each convective cycle produce?
Mantle & Outer Core
Mantle cycles = magma + new crust
Outer Core = Magnetic field
500
Put the layers in order from youngest on top to oldest on the bottom:
V
A
N
H
C
Q
E
T
Y
500
Calcifernium-388 has a half-life of 5 years and decays down into Calcifernium-386.
You find a sample that is 25% Calcifernium-388. How old is the sample?
10 years.
500
What are the 4 characteristics of Index Fossils?
1. Spread over large regions
2. Easily distinguishable
3. Lived for a short period of time
4. Found in large numbers