A
What is the composition of a triaclyglycerol?
One glycerol and three fatty acids.
Provide an example of an unsaturated fat.
Plant-based foods: olive oil, olives, avocado, peanuts, cashew nuts, canola oil, seeds and sunflower and oil.
What type of process is taking place when ATP is converted to ADP and phosphate?
Metabolism and Catabolism.
What term is used to describe the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen?
Anaerobic glycolysis.
What is the storage form of glucose called?
Glycogen.
What is the chemical composition of a protein molecule?
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon and Hydrogen.
What is the correct ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a glucose molecule?
1:2:1
What term best describes the breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler compounds in the absence of oxygen?
Anaerobic catabolism.
The production of protein from amino acids would be considered what type of reaction?
Anabolic reaction.
What is the process called by which glycogen is made from glucose?
Glycogenesis.
What is the approximate energy content per 100 g of carbohydrate?
1760 kJ
Which macronutrient does fiber belong to?
Carbohydrate.
What is the process called when triglycerides are released from the body's fat stores?
Lipolysis.
Under which condition does the pyruvate convert to lactate? Where does the lactate go to convert back to glucose?
Anaerobic condition.
Liver, or will remain in the muscles until it is transported to the liver.
Provide three examples of saturated fats.
Meat, poultry, full-fat dairy products and tropical oils, such as palm and coconut oils.
List all macronutrients and provide a function for each.
Carbohydrates: Fuel, energy storage, cell membrane, DNA and RNA
Lipids (fat): Fuel, energy storage, cell membrane, hormones and precursor of bile acid
Protein: Structure, transport, communication, enzymes, protection and fuel
Water: Medium for biochemical reactions, transport, thermoregulation, excretion and lubrication
List all micronutrients and then provide a function for each.
Vitamins: energy release from macronutrients, metabolism, bone health, blood health, immune function and eyesight.
Minerals and trace elements: mineralization of bones and teeth, blood oxygen transport, defense against free radicals, co-factors for energy metabolism, muscle function, maintenance of acid-base balance and cellular fluid balance.
What is the energy content per 100 g of a protein molecule?
1720 kJ
What is the function of adrenaline during exercise?
Stimulates the breakdown of glycogen.
The best term to describe the breaking of a complex chemical substance into simpler compounds with oxygen.
Aerobic catabolism.
What is the energy content per 100 g of a lipid molecule?
4000 kJ
What is the process by which glycogen is broken down to glucose?
Glycogenolysis.
List the two major storage sites for both triglycerides and glycogen.
T: Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
G: Skeletal muscle and liver.
Distinguish between an essential and a non-essential amino acid.
Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained from the diet.
Non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the human body.
Which hormone is responsible for glucose uptake? Which hormone(s) is responsible for glycogen breakdown?
Insulin.
Glucagon and Adrenaline (with exercise).