Terms
When a dependent has the same features as the head, this is known as what?
Agreement
Affixes that denote grammatical information are known as what kind of morpheme?
inflectional
This is the most common word order pattern.
SOV
Compounds that contain a head are known as what kind of compound?
endocentric
Who is the linguist who coined a number of "universals" across languages?
Greenberg
When the dependents reflect features of the head, as opposed to the head itself, this is known as what?
dependent-marking
Spanish 'hablo' corresponds to 'I speak' in English. What information is being encoded in the -o?
person, tense, number
Across languages, what is the most common system for gender?
The word "brainwash" is what kind of compound?
exocentric
Statements of the form "if X, then if Y, then Z..." are characteristic of what kind of universal?
complex implicational
Nouns may have overt morphology that refers to this -- signifying its "role" in the sentence.
case
in the NP "Mary's book" what inflectional information is being conveyed by the bound morpheme?
genitive case
Languages without much bound morphology are known as what?
analytic (isolating) languages
In English, where is the head in relation to the non-head in a compound?
right-hand side
Marking case on a noun and its dependents is known as what?
redundant case-marking
Properties that hold for most languages (but not all) are known as what?
Non-absolute universals.
Which two case systems are the most common?
Which system is very rare?
NOM/ACC and ERG/ABS
tripartite
Languages that incorporate nouns into verbal morphology are known as what?
Polysynthetic.
In Creek, the word for sweet potato translates (literally) to potato sweet-- what is the position of the head?
left-side
The subject of a transitive verb and the subject of an intransitive verb are assigned a different case in what kind of case system?
ergative / absolutive
When languages in the same geographic area share the same sorts of features despite being unrelated, this is known as what?
Sprachbund
When considering the form of a noun, what are two factors that might play a role, beyond case, number, and gender?
animacy, definiteness
Across languages, how many cases are typically (based on # of languages) marked with overt morphology?
none!
Although Romance languages do not rely as often on compounding, what kinds of compounds show up more often than other kinds?
V + N
split systems (case-splitting)