Oncology
Non-germ cell tumor diagnosed based on elevated alpha fetoprotein level without a tissue biopsy
Hepatocellular carcinoma (accept HCC)
Measure of the fidelity of a study's results compared to what is correct or true
Validity
Nursing namesake for the palpable umbilical nodule indicative of metastatic cancer
Sister Mary Joseph (accept Julia Dempsey or Dempsey)
Most common cause of goiter worldwide
Iodine deficiency
Term for a paradoxical rise in jugular venous pressure on inspiration
Kussmaul sign
Radiological method to screen for lung cancer
Low-dose computed tomography (do not accept CT without 'low dose')
A test's ability to designate a person without a disease as negative
Specificity
German physician credited for the discovery of the causative organism for tuberculosis
Robert Koch
Most likely cause of primary amenorrhea, lack of secondary sexual characteristics, webbed neck, and short stature
Turner syndrome (accept karyotype 45,X0)
Eponym for Wolff-Parkinson-White accessory pathway
Bundle of Kent
Eponymous name for a malignant umbilical nodule
Sister Mary Joseph nodule (accept node)
Positive likelihood ratio of 5 increases the probability of disease by approximately this amount
30 percent (accept answers within 3)
1990 Nobel laureate who performed the first human kidney transplantation in the U.S.
Joseph Edward Murray (accept Joseph Murray or Murray)
Condition associated with GAD65 and IA-2 autoantibodies
Type 1 diabetes (accept latent autoimmune diabetes in adults [LADA], but NOT diabetes)
Inhibition of this endopeptidase raises levels of circulating natriuretic peptides for treatment of heart failure
Neprilysin (do not accept sacubitril)
Tumor marker also known as gamma-seminoprotein or kallikrein-3
Prostate-specific antigen (accept PSA)
Statistical methods used when data is not normally distributed
Non-parametric statistics
Practice introduced by Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis in 1850 to decrease transmission of puerperal fever
Hand hygiene (accept hand washing)
Indicated laboratory test in thyrotoxicosis with suppressed TSH and normal T4 level
Triiodothyronine (accept T3 or Free T3)
Pacing mode most commonly associated with pacemaker syndrome
Single-chamber VVI pacing (accept VVI pacing)
Most common histology for renal cell carcinoma
Clear cell
Nonparametric statistic used to estimate the survival function from lifetime data
Kaplan-Meier estimator (accept Kaplan-Meier, Kaplan-Meier curve, or product limit estimator)
Non-invasive cardiovascular diagnostic method based on the measurement of the body motion generated by the ejection of the blood at each cardiac cycle
Ballistocardiography
Required cancer screening in individuals with growth hormone excess
Colonoscopy (accept colon cancer screening)
Condition also known as Kounis syndrome
Allergic acute coronary syndrome (accept hypersensitivity AMI or hypersensitivity angina)