Arthur
A group of people who make and enforce rules for a country or community.
Government
A person who belongs to a country and has rights and responsibilities.
Citizen
A rule made by the government that people must follow.
Law
Freedoms that citizens have, like free speech and voting.
Rights
Duties citizens should do, like obeying laws and paying taxes.
Responsibilities
The leader of the United States government.
President
A government ruled by a king or queen. Quiz: Who holds power in a monarchy?
Monarchy
Citizens vote directly on laws and decisions.
What type of democracy did Athens practice?
Direct Democracy
Free men born in Athens who could vote; women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded. Who was allowed to vote in Athenian democracy?
Citizen
Two elected leaders who shared power in the Roman Republic.
Who were the chief executives of the Roman Republic?
Consuls
A council of wealthy and powerful Romans who advised leaders.
What Roman institution influenced modern legislatures?
Senate
A government where citizens elect representatives to make decisions.
: What form of government replaced monarchy in Rome?
Republic
A government ruled by a small group of wealthy or powerful people.
Oligarchy
Who could not participate in Athenian democracy?
Women, slaves, and foreigners
What type of government is ruled by a small group of wealthy or powerful people?
Oligarchy
A system where people vote to choose leaders and make decisions.
Democracy
The part of government that makes laws (Senate + House of Representatives).
Congress
The basic set of rules and laws for the U.S. government.
Constitution
A document limiting the king’s power and protecting rights of nobles.
What document first limited the power of the English king?
Magna Carta (1215)
What system ensures that no branch of government becomes too powerful?
Checks and Balances
The supreme law of the United States.
What document is the foundation of U.S. government?
Constitution
Each branch limits the power of the others.
: What system ensures no branch dominates?
Checks and Balances
Which philosopher believed in natural rights—life, liberty, and property—that influenced the U.S. Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
What is the difference between a monarchy and a republic?
Monarchy = one ruler; Republic = citizens elect representatives
What early government system gave power directly to citizens to vote on laws?
Direct Democracy