Definitions
Vocabulary
Signal Words
Passages- Difficult
Passages- Easy
100
the author states a problem and lists one or more possible solutions
What is problem and solution?
100
tell how two or more things are alike
What is compare?
100
first, next, then, before, after, finally, following, dates, and times
What is sequence?
100

One problem with every modern Olympics is that is has become very big and expensive to operate. The city or country that hosts the games often loses a lot of money. A stadium, pools, and playing fields must be built for the athletic events and housing is needed for the athletes who come from around the world. And all of these facilities are only used for two weeks! In 1984, Los Angles solved these problems by charging a fee for companies who wanted to be official sponsors of the games. Companies like McDonald’s paid a lot of money to be part of the Olympics. Many buildings that were already being built in Los Angeles were also being used. The Coliseum where the 1932 games were held was used again and many colleges and universities in the area became playing and living areas.

What is problem and solution?

100

To surprise her mother on her birthday, Samantha got up early and make coffee. First, she filled the pot with water. Then she cleaned and replaced the filter. Next, she got fresh coffee, measured just the right amount, and poured it into the filter. Finally, she pressed the "on" button and within seconds, the aroma of the fresh-brewed coffee filled the house. 

What is sequence?

200
the author explains a topic, person, place, or thing by listing characteristics, examples, or features
What is description?
200

a resolution or fix to a problem

What is solution?

200
same as, similar, alike, as well as, also, both, instead of, on the other hand, different from, and as opposed to
What is compare and contrast?
200

Misty did not feel well when she woke up this morning. The first thing Mom did was to feel Misty's forehead. She felt hot, so Mom got out the thermometer and took Misty's temperature. "102 degrees!" exclaimed mom. "No school for you today." Then, she went to the kitchen to get Misty a cup of juice. 

What is sequence?

200

Willow Creek is very different from New York City. There are no tall skyscrapers in Willow Creek. All you can see are fields and sky. Instead of taxi cab horns and fire truck sirens, it is so quiet at night that you can hear the crickets chirping. 

What is compare and contrast?

300
the author lists one or more causes and the resulting effects
What is cause and effect?
300
tell how two or more things are different
What is contrast?
300
problem is, question is, puzzle is, to solve this, and one answer is
What is problem and solution?
300

The Olympic symbol consists of five interlocking rings. The rings represent the five continents- Africa, Asia, North America, Europe, and South America- from which athletes come to compete in the games. The rings are colored black, blue, green, red, and yellow. At least one of those colors is found in the flag of every country sending athletes to compete in the Olympic games.

What is description?

300

The music was blasting so loud, Marco thought his ears would burst. The stage was filled with bright blue laser beams and a shower of yellow and green paper streamers. All around him, the crowd was singing and dancing wildly. 

What is description?

400
the author explains how two or more things are alike and how they are different
What is compare and contrast?
400
an action or event that makes something else happen
What is cause?
400
so, because, since, therefore, if/then, this led to, as a result, a reason why, may be due to, consequently, for this reason
What is cause and effect?
400

The modern Olympics are very unlike the ancient Olympic games. Individual events are different. While there was no swimming in the ancient games, for example, there were chariot races. There were no female contestants and all athletes competed in the nude. Of course, the ancient and modern Olympics are also like in many ways. Some events, such as the javelin and the discus throws are the same. 

What is compare and contrast?

400

Joey lost his science book. He knew he would be in big trouble if he was unable to study for the final. What should he do? He thought for a few worried moments, and then decided to retrace his steps. He remembered putting the book in his backpack that morning. He had taken it out at school when his friend Kim asked to look something up. Now he remembered - Kim still had his book! 

What is problem and solution?

500
the author lists the items or events in chronological order; how to make or do something
What is sequence?
500
what happens
What is an effect?
500
for instance, such as, an example, an illustration, characteristics
What is description?
500

Chimpanzees live in groups and like each other a lot, but sometimes they fight. Since they don't want to stay angry at each other, they make up by holding a hand out to the other and kissing. They show they are sorry with pats and hugs. Then the anger goes away. 

What is cause and effect?

500

Every spring, shortly after the tulips bloom, farmers in Holland go through the tulip fields and cut the blooms off the tulips. This seems strange, because it leaves a field full of green stems. However, it makes the colorful tulip blooms grow back even bigger and stronger later that spring. 

What is cause and effect?

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