Ch. 7.9 & 7.10 - Lymphatic System and Immunity
Cisterna
(usually “cisterna chyli”) – A large sac-like chamber at the base of the thoracic duct that collects lymph from the lower body.
Lymphatic system
A network of vessels, nodes, and organs that helps maintain fluid balance, absorbs fats, and provides immunity.
Thymus
A gland where T-cells (a type of immune cell) mature; most active during childhood.
Cellular respiration
The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from glucose.
Inspiration
Breathing in; drawing air into the lungs.
Immunity
The body’s ability to resist and fight infection, disease, and harmful substances.
Lymphatic vessels
Tubes that carry lymph throughout the body, similar to blood vessels.
Tonsils
Lymphatic tissues located in the throat that help trap and destroy pathogens entering through the mouth and nose
Cilia
Tiny hair-like structures that move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract.
Internal respiration
Gas exchange between the bloodstream and the body’s cells
Lacteals
Special lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb fats from digested food.
Right lymphatic duct
A short duct that drains lymph from the right upper side of the body into the bloodstream.
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood
Epiglottis
A flap of cartilage that closes over the trachea during swallowing to prevent choking.
Larynx
The voice box; responsible for sound production and protecting the airway
Lymph
The clear fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system, carrying waste, nutrients, and immune cells
Spleen
The largest lymphatic organ; filters blood, removes old red blood cells, and helps fight infection
Bronchi
The two large tubes that branch from the trachea into each lung
Expiration
Breathing out; removing air from the lungs
Lungs
Main respiratory organs that take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
Lymph nodes
Small, bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and help fight infection by storing white blood cells
Thoracic duct
The largest lymphatic duct; drains lymph from most of the body into the bloodstream.
Bronchioles
Smaller branches of the bronchi that carry air deeper into the lungs.
External respiration
Gas exchange between the lungs (alveoli) and the bloodstream
Nasal cavities
Hollow spaces in the nose that warm, filter, and moisten incoming air.