3.2
The conflict which spurred the French and Indian War was over what?
Possession of territory in the Ohio River Valley, Fur Trade
As the British Empire sought to consolidate it authority over the American colonies in the mid-18th century, new measures to ________ and assert control sparked a wave of resistance.
Collect Taxes
During the Age of Reason, ideas challenged the traditional European social order, advocating for a society where individual talent and merit were more important than ________.
Birthright
The Second Continental Army created the ___________ in response to the American Revolution, in order to fight against Britain. (Be Specific)
Continental Army
The American Revolution not only challenged British rule, but also sparked a broader awareness of _______ inequalities within the new nation.
Social
Many ___________ emphasized the power of the legislative branch, reflecting distrust of executive authority following colonial experiences under British rule.
State Constitutions
In 1787, delegates from the states convened in ________ to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Philadelphia
In 1787, delegates from all states convened in Philadelphia to create a new framework of government. What did they create?
The Constitution
_____ Treaty of 1794 angered Americans because it meant we were favoring Britain, and going against our previous ally (France).
Jay's Treaty
The alliance of Shawnee Leader, ___________, and the British during the War of 1812 - aimed to resist U.S. expansion into native lands.
Tecumseh (Most of this resistance dies with Tecumseh after the Battle of Thames in 1813)
What is short for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation"?
Laser
During the French and Indian War; George Washington lost and reclaimed this for the British - a major loss that turned into a major success, giving Britain the advantage.
Fort Duquesne (turned into Fort Pitt)
The Stamp Act of 1765 imposed a direct tax on the colonies for:
Stamped paper, legal documents, any other printed materials.
_______________ emphasized reason, science, and the potential of the individual.
The Enlightenment
The intervention of which Ally aided the Americans during the Revolution?
The French
The Revolution highlighted the contradictions between the ideals of Liberty and the reality of social inequalities, specifically _____________.
Slavery
In these State Constitutions, ____________ qualifications for voting and holding office were common.
Property
In what year would Congress initially ban the International Slave Trade?
1808
A system of government where the power is divided between a central (National) government and regional (State) government:
Federalism
What event escalated tensions between the U.S. and France (1798) leading to an undeclared naval conflict known as the Quasi-War, and influencing the Federalist Party's push for stronger national defense?
XYZ Affair (Frenchmen were asking for bribes in order to even begin negotiations)
The event where western-frontier settlers resisted the federally-enforced excise tax was known as:
Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
From which language did the word "Ketchup" come from?
Chinese
What ended the French and Indian War? (Must include the year in your answer)
The Treaty of Paris 1763
The Boston Tea Party was an act of expressing opposition to policies such as ____
The Tea Act.
The sermons of ministers like ____________, argued that resistance to tyrannical government was a moral duty, blending religious convictions with the political rhetoric of the time.
Jonathan Mayhew
The result of the __________ gave France the confidence to join the Americans in rebellion against the British.
Battle of Saratoga (1777)
John Burgoyne's failure to divide and conquer the colonies
_______ ________ emphasized the role of women in teaching certain morals and virtues to their children, ensuring the future of our representative government.
Republican Motherhood
The _________ established a weak central government with limited powers.
Articles of Confederation
This compromise resolved the debate between large and small states by creating a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the House of reps, and equal representation in the Senate:
The 'Great' Compromise / 'Connecticut' Compromise
Which amendment reserves all powers not explicitly given to the federal government in the Constitution, to the states?
10th Amendment
Early debates post-Washington led to the formation of the two-party system. What were those two political parties?
Federalists / Democratic-Republicans
What was invented that reinforced the need for slave labor in the United States?
What is the fear of the number 13 known as?
Triskaidekaphobia
The British Government issued the ________ which prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains; to avoid further conflicts with Native Americans.
Proclamation of 1763 (Proclamation Line)
John Locke's ideology influenced colonists on the notion of ________
Baron De Montesquieu's ideology influenced colonists on the notion of ______
Natural Rights (Locke)
Separation of Powers (Montesquieu)
The belief in republican forms of government based on the natural rights of the people became central to the American Cause.
The ideas were powerfully expressed in, Thomas Paine's ___________, and the _____________
Common Sense
Declaration of Independence
With the help of ________ in Valley Forge, Washington was able to ready his Continental Army for the final stages of the American Revolution.
Baron Von Steuben (Prussian)
Marquis De Lafayette (French)
The writings of ________ __________ urged her husband, _______ ________, to "Remember the ladies" in the formation of the new government, reflecting early feminist ideas and the evolving role of women in the new nation.
Abigail Adams, John Adams
The ___________ provided a framework for admitting new states, promoting key principles such as public education, the protection of private property, and a ban on slavery.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Explain how the framers came to the conclusion that slaves would be counted as 3/5ths of a person, in terms of representation:
North -> Didn't want slaves to be counted at all (higher more dense population then the South)
South -> wanted slaves to count as a full person, for more representation and taxation purposes (More sparsely populated, large portion of the population comes from the enslaved)
Describe a check the Executive Branch has over the Legislative Branch, and a check the Legislative Branch has over the Executive Branch:
Leg. > Exec: Override veto, power of the purse ($), war powers, impeachment
Why was Thomas Jefferson against Hamilton's bank?
-Overextension of government power
-Not seen as constitutional since it was not 'written' (Strict constructionist)
Which region placed the most emphasis on education?
New England
What flavor was the original filling in twinkies?
Banana
Between the years of 1763-1766; which event occurred that aimed at resisting British encroachment on tribal lands in the Great Lakes region?
Pontiac's Rebellion
The ______ and _______ were two groups who organized protests and boycotts against British Goods.
Sons of Liberty, Daughters of Liberty
The ______________ was a final attempt at reconciliation with Britain before the outbreak of the Revolutionary War.
The Olive Branch Petition
The American Revolution was essentially over after the __________ and the defeat of British General _________.
Yorktown (Virginia), General Cornwallis
The Declaration of the Rights of Man of the Citizen (1789) was written by which country?
France - inspired by the American Revolution
____________ highlighted the weakness of the Articles, and led to the creation of the __________ shortly after.
(Not counting the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd)
4th -> Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures
5th -> Due Process / Double Jeopardy
6th -> Right to a quick, fair trial, impartial jury, and counsel
7th -> Right to a jury trial in federal civil cases (where the value exceeds a certain amount of money) and prohibits judges from overturning decision made by jury
8th -> prohibits the government from requiring excessive bail and imposing excessive fines, and from inflicting cruel and unusual punishments
9th ->Acts as a safeguard, ensuring the enumeration of specific rights in the Bill of Rights does not mean that other unenumerated/unlisted rights retained by the people cannot be denied or disparaged. (Privacy, abortion, etc.)
10th -> All powers not listed in the Federal Constitution are reserved for the States
The inclusion of the ________________ Clause, which allows Congress to make laws required for the execution of its ________________ powers, illustrates the balance between a government that is effective yet constrained
Necessary and Proper Clause
Enumerated (Written)
In Washington's Farewell Address, he warned of the divisive effects of _____________, to avoid permanent relationships with foreign countries and remain _________, and called for national unity - warning against the dangers of competing __________.
(Fill in the blanks)
1. Political Parties
2. Neutrality
3. Factions
What was created to balance the interests of free states and slave states?
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Which Canadian Band wrote the song "Rockstar"?
Nickelback