C1
What was the role of the samurai in Japanese warfare?
They were frontline soldiers
What does the Latin term medium aevum mean?
Middle Age
What continent is Japan located in?
Asia
How long did the Middle Age last for in Europe?
500 AD-1500AD (1,000 years)
What was the capital of Japan during the twelfth century?
Kyoto
Which two families were the most powerful during the twelfth century in Japan?
Minamoto & Taira
What was the role of the shogun in Japan?
Military commander/dictator
What was the main theme of the samurai's code of conduct?
Honor and loyalty
What was the name of the popular religion that was also practiced by samurai in Medieval Japan?
Zen Buddhism
What was the main purpose of the samurai's armor?
Protection in battle
What were three reasons why samurai armor was so decorative?
To show samurai's status, express symbolism, and to show the skill of the person who created the armor
What is Confucianism?
A PHILOSOPHY that comes from the philosopher Confucius
Which establishment dominated Medieval European culture?
The Catholic Church
What are the two main focuses of Confucianism?
Social order and respect to elders
What is the correct order of Medieval Japan's Feudalism hierarchy?
Emperor → Shogun → Daimyo → Samurai → Ronin → Peasants → Artisans → Merchants
What was the main reason for the Frankish king's campaigns against neighboring peoples?
To expand territory
What were two main reasons for the samurai's rise to power?
Military prowess and loyal service
What is cultural diffusion?
When people from different places share and learn from each other's customs, traditions, and ideas.
What is the difference between Confucianism and Legalism?
Confucianism focuses on moral behavior while Legalism focuses of strict punishments for breaking laws
What is Japan sometimes referred to since it is completely surrounded by water?
An island nation
Who founded the kingdom of the Franks?
Clovis I
What does the term bushido mean?
The way of the warrior
What was the most successful of the new states to emerge after the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
The Franks
What did Charlemagne do when he conquered new territories?
Forced people to convert to Catholic Christianity
Why did the Japanese emperor have the highest social status despite having less power than the Shogun?
The emperor was seen as divine and therefore above other social classes.
What was the name of the sword samurai used in combat?
Katana
Who crowned Charlemagne as emperor?
Pope Leo III
Why did samurai practice Zen Buddhism despite being violent warriors?
It gave them balance in their lives by giving them peace/inner peace.
What is the correct order of Feudalism in Medieval Europe?
King → Nobles → Knights → Peasants
Which group of people Medieval Europe supported the Feudalism social structure?
Peasants
What is Feudalism?
A social structure where land is exchanged for loyalty and service
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
When Heaven/gods give an emperor permission to rule over a territory. If they rule well, they keep the permission, if they rule badly they lose the permission.
What is a social class?
A group of people in a society who have similar jobs, wealth, and way of life.
How did Buddhism make its way all the way to Japan despite originating in India?
Cultural Diffusion/Trading
What happened to Europe after the Roman Empire gained after its collapse?
It was divided into separate and distinct kingdoms and empires.
Charlemagne was crowned emperor of which kingdom?
The Holy Roman Empire
What contributed to the elevated status of agricultural workers in medieval Japanese society?
Farmers grew life-sustaining crops, whereas traders merely exchanged goods without adding value.
Why was the Mongol Empire unable to conquer Japan?
They were stopped by natural disasters.
What happened as a result of the fall of the Roman Empire?
The collapse of the Roman Empire led to a lack of organization and cooperation in Western Europe.
Why did the pope Leo III crown Charlemagne emperor?
Charlemagne protected the Pope and Catholicism against internal rebellions of the Romans.