Crusades
What were the Crusades?
A series of religious wars between Muslims and Christians over Jerusalem that lasted from approximately 1095 to 1291
Where did the Black Death originate?
Asia
Most of which continent came under Mongol influence and rule?
Asia
What was Genghis Khans birth name?
Temujin
This capital of the Byzantine Empire was significant due to its central location on major trade routes and was a center of knowledge
Constantinople
This Medieval Pope delivered a speech in Claremont "Called the Claremont Speech" a city in present day France. Called for Christians to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslims
Pope Urban II
identify at least 2 symptoms of the Black Death (The Plague)
- Buboes (Boils) on groin, neck, or armpits
- Fever
- Vomiting Blood
- Fingers and Toes collect blood and become black
Who was Marco Polo? Why is he important?
Italian Merchant and explorer
Wrote a book about the Yuan Dynasty (Mongol Dynasty, which sparked interest in China for Europeans)
The Early Mongols were considered pastoralist (____________), due to their lifestyle which required constantly moving from place to place in search of food and water.
Nomads
Pope Urban II, Saladin, and King Richard the Lion-Hearted are leaders associated with the
The Crusades
explain the purpose for Pope Urban II’s speech at the Council of Clermont
Motivate Catholics in Western Europe to reclaim the Holy Land from the Muslims. Promised the chance for the absolution (forgiveness of sins), power and prestige, and access to wealth from the Middle East
This bacterium was responsible the black infection which found a host in fleas, rats, and eventually humans.
Yersinia pestis.
One important economic impact of the Mongol expansion across Asia and Europe was the
rise in trade along the Silk Roads (due to increased safety)
Who is Genghis Khan ?
Mongolian leader who united the warring Mongol tribes into the Mongol Empire
What role did the Mongols play in the spread of the Black Death from Asia to Europe?
- Encouraged and increase trade on the Silk Road
- Reported to have thrown plague-ridden corpse over castle walls during a siege, therefore spreading the disease.
Explain the historical circumstances that led to the Crusades (identify at least two causes)
(What are the causes of the Crusades?)
- Seljuk Turks have taken over Jerusalem
- New Muslims blocked christian pilgrimages to Jerusalem
- Emperor Alexis I, ruler of the Byzantine Empire, feels threaten by the surrounding Muslim Turks and calls for help from Pope Urban II to defend Constantinople
- Pope Urban II delivers a speech in 1095 calling for a holy war
How did the Black Death spread?
- Merchant ships
- Trade routes such as the Silk Road
- infected fleas on rats
-more...
What happened during the Pax Mongolica?
- trade on silk road increases
- Spread of knowledge throughout the massive Mongolian Empire
- Increases safety
After conquering the Song Dynasty, the Mongols, under Kublai Khan, established the __________ Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
This Medieval African king of Mali was a devout Muslim who helped spread Islam throughout Western and Northern Africa
Mansa Musa
identify at least 3 effects of the Crusades
- Increased Trade in Western Europe
- Growth of European cities (Urbanization)
- Jerusalem remains in the hands of the Muslims
- Increased the authority of the king in W. Europe
- Knowledge from the Muslim Empire, India, and China spreads to W. Europe (i.e compass, woodblock printing, gunpowder, translated Greek and Roman text)
Identify three effects of the Black Death on Western Europe (Be specific, no vague responses will be accepted)
- Higher wages paid to surviving peasants
- Up to 1/3 of Europe's population was killed
- Decline of faith in the Catholic Church
- development of more modern and effective medicine to treat diseases
- Lower life expectancy (average age 16 years)
- Families broke apart, due to fear of infection
more....
Identify three effects of Mongol Rule (positive and/or negative) (be specific)
Varies
identify at least 3 methods or innovations used by the Mongols to gain and maintain power
- Stirrup and Saddle
- Expert horsemanship
- Composite Bow
- Adopted effective technologies and ideas from conquered peoples (i.e siege weapons from Chinese)
- Horse postal system
- Provided safety and encouraged trade on Silk Road
How did Islam spread, identify at least 3 methods
- Prophet Muhammad unifies Muslims in Arabian Peninsula
- Conquering lands (threaten the power of the Byzantine Empire)
- Through cultural diffusion via trade
- creating alliances
- Muslim leaders such as Mansa Musa help spread religion