History of U.S. Healthcare
This 1910 report transformed medical education and standardized admissions requirements.
What is the Flexner Report?
This stakeholder group provides the majority of health insurance for U.S. citizens through employment.
Who are employers?
In 1929, this group helped create the first Blue Cross hospital insurance plan.
Who are Texas teachers at Baylor University Hospital?
This global organization defines health as complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
What is the World Health Organization (WHO)?
Name one of the three major issues that continue to challenge the U.S. healthcare system (as identified early in Chapter 1). The components of the The Iron Triangle.
What are cost, access, and quality?
This association, founded in 1847, standardized medical education and supported physicians’ professional status.
What is the AMA (American Medical Association)?
These facilities provide long-term social and personal care, including group homes and assisted living.
What are residential care facilities?
This 1965 legislation created two landmark insurance programs for seniors and low-income individuals.
What are Medicare and Medicaid?
This 1854 event linked contaminated water to cholera, shaping modern public health.
What is John Snow’s Broad Street pump investigation?
During the COVID‑19 pandemic, many people delayed care, causing declines in which types of services?
What are elective surgeries and preventive screenings?
These early institutions in the 1800s provided food, shelter, and care for the poor before hospitals evolved.
What are almshouses/poorhouses?
Over 761,000 professionals in this category serve as primary care providers, increasingly joined by nurse practitioners.
Who are physicians?
This part of Medicare covers prescription drugs.
What is Medicare Part D?
This U.S. initiative provides decennial national health objectives and prevention goals.
What is Healthy People (2000/2010/2020/2030)?
This digital care method increased significantly during the pandemic but remains challenging for older adults.
What is telehealth?
This Act of 1985 legally required hospitals to provide emergency stabilization regardless of ability to pay.
What is EMTALA?
This federal agency provides oversight for older adults, the disabled, and indigent individuals.
What is CMS (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services)?
The ACA made it illegal for insurers to deny coverage for this reason.
What is having a pre-existing condition?
This 2002 Act supported U.S. bioterrorism preparedness following 9/11.
What is the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act?
This major demographic trend is a primary reason for projected healthcare job growth and increased service demand.
What is the aging population?
This period saw hospitals shift from physician-owned to church/government ownership due to advancements & public acceptance.
What are the 1930s–1940s?
This sector is often criticized for high medication prices despite citing high R&D costs.
What are pharmaceutical companies?
This economic model illustrates the balance of cost, access, and quality in healthcare.
What is the Iron Triangle?
Duty to treat means this obligation.
What is providing basic emergency care to anyone who needs it?
Established in 1998, this NIH center studies nontraditional healthcare practices.
What is the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)?