1
birds are _____, capable of keeping the body warm through metabolism
endothermic
_____ are represented by more than 5300 species. They lived during the age of the dinosaurs.
mammals
____ are legless lepidosaurs that evolved from lizards. Some ____ retain vestigial pelvic and limb bones providing evidence of their ancestry.
snakes
snakes are _____ some are also ______.
they are acute chemical senses, sensitive to vibrations, some have heat detecting organs. Venemous snakes inject toxin through their teeth. Loose jawbones and elastic skin help swallow large prey
carnivorous, venomous
_____ include opossums, kangaroos, and koalas. Found in Australia, North and South America. Existed worldwide in Mesozoic era.
Born very early in development and completes its embryonic development while nursing in a maternal pouch called a marisupium
marsupials
_____ structure shows considerable variation - for perching grasping food, defense, swimming, and walking
foot
one of the extant lineages of reptiles: _____ includes tuataras, lizards, and snakes
one surviving lineage of these is represented by two species of lizard-like reptiles called tuataras.
lepidosaurs
____ are archosaurs but almost every feature of their reptilian anatomy has undergone modification in their adaptation to flight. Forelimbs are modified as wings
birds
_____ are the most numerous and diverse reptiles apart from birds. Sizes range from 16mm to 3m
lizards
____ that transmit sound in the ear of mammals arose from the modification of bones in the jaw of nonmammalian synapsids.
bones
all ____ have a boxlike shell made up of upper and lower shields that are fused to the vertebrae clavicle and ribs. Shells defend against predators. Fossil evidence suggests that turtles acquired a full shell in stages
Some have adapted to deserts and others live in ponds rivers or seas
turtles
____ belong to an archosaur lineage that dates back to the late triassic
crocodillians
A flight requires what 3 things?
Fine muscle control
Acute vision
Great expenditure of energy
What are the three living lineages of mammals?
monotremes, marsupials, eutherians
What are the 3 parts to the archosaur lineage of reptiles?
turtles, crocodilians, and birds
What are the 3 benefits from flight of birds?
migration - exploit food resources and seasonal breeding areas
enhances hunting and scavenging
escape from terrestrial predators
____ have evolved into various shapes to suit different diets
beaks
What are the 6 characteristics of birds?
wings with feathers made of keratin
lack of a urinary bladder
females of most sps. with only one ovary
small gonads that enlarge during breeding
loss of teeth (trims weight of head)
bones filled with air
______ are a small group of egg laying mammals. Found only in Australia and new guinea. Have hair, produce milk but lack nipples. Milk is secreted from glands on the mothers belly.
Ex:platypus and echidnas
monotremes
____ has not been in contact with another continent for the past 65 million years. Convergent evolution has resulted in a diversity of marsupials that resemble the eutherians in other parts of the world
australia
Ostrich, kiwi, emu, penguins, and certain ducks and piegons are ____ birds
flightless
Mammals have what 6 things?
mammary glands for milk
hair and fat layer to save heat and water
efficient circulatory and respiratory systems
a larger brain
differentiated teeth
kidney structure to remove waste and conserve water
What are the 4 traits of marsupials and eutherians?
Higher metabolic rates
nipples that provide milk
give birth to live young
embryo develops within the mothers uterus and placenta that helps transport nutrients
______ have a more complex placenta than marsupials. Young ___ complete their embryonic development within a uterus, joined to the mother by the placenta. Molecular and morphological data give conflicting dates on the diversification.
eutherians
the mammalian order ____ includes lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes. Humans are members of the ape group. Most have hands and feet adapted for grasping and flat nails.
Primates