Respiratory
Respiratory sound associated with an acute respiratory emergency.
What is acute stridor?
Why do holes in the heart (Atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus) lead to an increase in pulmonary blood flow?
L to R shunt. L-side of heart has increased muscle, pressure, and contraction to supply the rest of the body.
A parent describes their 6 month old infant no longer produces tears when they cry. What is the likely cause?
What is dehydration?
Name 2 risk factors for a UTI.
What is uncircumcised male, females d/t short urethra, urinary stasis, VUR?
Name 2 causes of iron deficiency anemia.
What is decreased fetal iron stores, rapid growth rate, and increased cow's milk intake?
Name 3 types of management used to treat Cystic Fibrosis?
What is airway clearance therapies, aggressive tx of ifx, pancreatic enzymes, miralax for obstruction, etc
An 8 m/o with Tetralogy of Fallot becomes irritated, upset, and inconsolable. They start turning blue around the mouth and in the fingers and toes. What interventions do you perform?
What is
Knees to chest
Try to calm baby
Supplemental oxygen
IV fluids
Congenital anomaly resulting in absence of ganglion cells in affected area of intestine.
What is hirschsprung disease?
Acute glomerulonephritis may be caused by what infection?
group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
Increased WBC, infection, bleeding and bruising, fatigue, bone pain, and decreased RBC, platelets are signs and symptoms of what childhood cancer?
Leukemia.
Can also present with a low-grade fever due to the easily infected. Why the bone pain?
What is the pathophysiology of asthma?
What is an inflammatory response causing edema, accumulation of secretions, spasms of bronchi, leading to airway remodeling?
When auscultating, you hear a machinery like murmur. What is most likely the congenital heart defect?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
What is the classic s/s of pyloric stenosis?
What is nonbilious projectile vomiting 30-60 minutes after feeds?
Name 3 clinical states seen in Nephrotic Syndrome.
What is massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema?
A patient with sickle cell anemia is experience increased pain in joints, visual disturbances, swelling of hands. What is happening?
What is a vaso-occlusive crisis?
When a child sits forward, hands over knees, it can be an indicator of severe respiratory distress. This position is referred to as
What is Tripod Position?
Kawasaki disease must have a fever for 5 days plus what 4/5 clinical criteria?
Changes in extremities (desquamation, erythema), Bilateral conjunctival injection, Changes in oral mucus membranes, polymorphous rash, cervical lymphadenopath
Stool characteristics in intussusception.
What is jelly like stool (currant)?
Major clinical presentation that differentiates Wilms tumors from other abdominal masses in pediatric clients.
What is Wilms tumors is a palpable, firm, non-tender abdominal mass that typically does not cross the midline. This mass is often discovered by a parent during bathing or dressing the child?
List three distinct clinical manifestations that would lead a nurse to suspect a child has Aplastic Anemia.
What are pallor and fatigue (due to low RBCs/anemia), unusual bruising or bleeding (due to low platelets/thrombocytopenia), and frequent or severe infections (due to low WBCs/neutropenia)?
In the pre-hospital environment, the standard treatment for asthma typically includes ________ and ___________
What is oxygen and beta agonist ( albuterol) nebulizer treatment
Two major changes that occur in a newborn's circulatory system as it transitions from intrauterine to extrauterine life.
What is the closure of the foramen ovale, which previously allowed blood to bypass the lungs,
and the closure of the ductus arteriosus, which connected the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
These closures redirect blood flow to the lungs for oxygenation.
Outline the key educational needs for pediatric clients and their families when managing gastroesophageal reflux.
What is teaching parents about feeding modifications (e.g., smaller, more frequent feeds, thickening formula, proper positioning during and after feeding), medication administration, recognizing signs of worsening reflux, and ensuring a safe sleep environment to reduce aspiration risk? Guidance on lifestyle adjustments and when to seek further medical attention is also crucial.
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What is the main physiologic process in nephrotic syndrome? and what labs would you see
Basement membrane leaks protein,
increased protein in urine, hyperlipidemia,
Explain the difference between Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in terms of the cells involved.
What is Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) involves the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal lymphoblasts (immature lymphocytes), which are a type of white blood cell. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) involves the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal myeloblasts, which are immature cells that normally develop into granulocytes, monocytes, and other white blood cells?
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