PAD
True or False – arterial ulcers take more time to heal vs venous ulcers
true
Where do Venous Stasis Ulcers occur?
Lower legs/ankles
Which class of heart failure is slight limits on activity, ordinary limits causes fatigue, dyspnea?
Class II
What is a non-pharmacological way to prevent DVT?
Early ambulation, ted hose, SCDs
A nurse is monitoring a client who just had a below-the-knee amputaion and is complaining of feeling a burning, crushing pain in the part of the limb that is missing. What is this called?
Phantom pain
What is the most common cause of PAD?
Atherosclerosis
Long-Term oral anticoagulation medication for DVT?
Warfarin
Which side of the heart is failing when they have symptoms of dyspnea, cough, and crackles in lungs?
Left-sided heart failure
What is the difference between an antiplatelet and an anticoagulant?
Antiplatelets: inhibit platelet aggregation (stop platelets from clumping)
Anticoagulant: interfere with the protein responsible for blood clotting
A nurse is assessing a client who has a painful wound that has a punched-out appearance on the lateral surface of their ankle. What are these a symptom of?
Arterial ulcer
What are 2 risk factors associated with PAD?
Diets high in fat, stress, smoking, sedentary lifestyle
A clot causing vein inflammation?
Thrombophlebitis
Release of Brain Natriuretic Peptides (BNP) results in:
Diaresis and vasodilation
Name one pharmacological intervention used for DVT
Warfarin, Lovenox, Heparin, Eliquis (apixaban), ASA
A nurse is assessing a client who has DVT and needs surgery. The client is scheduled to have an inferior vena cava filter inserted, what does this do?
It is inserted via the femoral vein and passed into the inferior vena cava where it traps emboli before they progress to the lungs.
What is the pathophysiology of PAD?
Progressive, chronic condition of obstructed blood flow through larger peripheral arteries
What is the name of the DVT Prediction Assessment?
Wells score
What is a normal ejection fraction? (%)
55-70%
How should a pt. on warfarin adjust their diet to promote effectiveness of the drug? (avoid what vitamin?)
Avoid foods rich in vitamin K
You are giving educa=on to a client who is taking Warfarin as a long-term oral an=coagula=on for their DVT. What is one important symptom of taking Warfarin that the nurse should monitor and educate the client about repor=ng?
Excessive bleeding (blood in stool, urine, sputum)
What are three manifestations of PAD?
Reduced BP in the ankle, claudication, loss of hair (on lower calf, ankle, foot), diminished or absent pedal pulses, thickened toenails, and dry, scaly, dusky, pale skin
Measures for fibrinolysis in the blood (Clot breakdown)
D-dimer test
Which antihypertensive protects against ventricular remodeling?
Ace inhibitors
The goal of Statins in patients with PAD is
lipid reduction; slow progression of atherosclerosis
A nurse is monitoring a client who has ventricular hypertrophy. The nurse should know that this can lead to what effect on the heart?
Increased size of the heart, and thickness of cardiac muscle wall can lead to cardiac muscle overwork and strain.