What is the function of PCR technique?
amplify small amounts of DNA
What can gel electrophoresis be used to determine?
Paternity/Family relationships
Which charge will DNA and RNA molecules move towards in an electric field?
Positive electrode
How is DNA profiling used to determine paternity?
DNA profiles of the mother, father and child are compared for similarities.
What is the transfer of genes between species called?
Genetic modification
What are the three steps in the replication process?
Denaturation, annealing and elongation
What is a clone?
Groups of genetically identical organisms, derived from a single original parent cell
What cells are taken from an animal in splitting or fragmentation of the embryo?
Totipotent stem cells
What two things are required for somatic cell-nuclear transfer to happen?
Somatic (body) cells and an unfertilised egg
What is the new organism created called?
Transgenic
What factor does PCR use to control the replication process?
temperature
Can plants species and animal species reproduce asexually to process natural methods of cloning?
Yes
What happens with the individual cells after they have been split?
They are transplanted into surrogate mothers and develop into identical clones of the original zygote
How are somatic cells and an unfertilised egg processed to create a clone?
They are fused together, form an embryo, which is transplanted into a surrogate mother
Why can an organism potentially express a new trait if the appropriate gene is introduced into its genome?
Gene is universal
State four animal cloning methods
Binary fission, budding, fragmentation, parthenogenesis
Will the transplanted offspring gain characteristics of the surrogate mother?
No, they are clones of each other and not genetically related to the surrogate
What is used to chop satellite DNA into fragments?
Restriction endonucleases
What method does bacteria use for cloning?
Binary fission
What is meristematic tissue (possessed by adult plant) capable of?
cellular differentiation