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Whats the date today?
12-18-24
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Sarah had a traumatic experience when she was a child: she was bitten by a dog. After this incident, she developed an intense fear of all dogs. Whenever she sees a dog, she experiences anxiety and fear, even though the dog might not be dangerous. How can classical conditioning explain Sarah’s fear of dogs?
Sarah’s fear of dogs developed because the pain from the dog bite (unconditioned stimulus) caused fear (unconditioned response). Now, just seeing a dog (conditioned stimulus) triggers fear (conditioned response), even though the dog isn’t dangerous anymore.
Who is credited with discovering classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What is classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
What classroom are we in?
H111
What was Ivan Pavlov's experiment on classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov conducted an experiment where he conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell. Initially, the bell did not cause salivation. However, after Pavlov repeatedly paired the sound of the bell with the presentation of food, the dogs began to salivate just at the sound of the bell, even when no food was presented.
In a popular TV ad, a new brand of perfume is shown with scenes of beautiful beaches, romantic sunsets, and happy couples. The ad aims to evoke positive feelings, and people who watch it are likely to associate these feelings with the perfume. How does classical conditioning apply to this advertising scenario?
In the ad, the perfume (neutral stimulus) is paired with positive things like romantic scenes (unconditioned stimulus). Over time, the perfume itself becomes linked with positive feelings (conditioned response), making people want to buy it.
Who first described the concept of "stimulus generalization" in classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What is an unconditioned stimulus (US)?
An unconditioned stimulus (US) is a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without prior learning.
Whats the address of the school?
13400 Elmore Rd
What was the "Little Albert" experiment, and what did it show about emotional responses?
The "Little Albert" experiment involved conditioning a baby to fear a white rat by pairing it with a loud, frightening noise. After several pairings, Little Albert began to cry simply at the sight of the rat.
Tom went to a new restaurant and had a large serving of shrimp for dinner. Later that evening, he became very sick and vomited. The next time Tom sees shrimp, even though he knows it is not spoiled, he feels nauseous. How does classical conditioning explain Tom’s reaction to shrimp?
Tom felt sick after eating shrimp (unconditioned stimulus), so he now feels nauseous (conditioned response) whenever he sees or smells shrimp (conditioned stimulus), even if it’s safe to eat.
Who demonstrated that emotional responses like fear could be conditioned in humans through the "Little Albert" experiment?
John B. Watson
What is an unconditioned response (UR)?
An unconditioned response (UR) is the automatic, natural reaction to an unconditioned stimulus (US)
Calculate the derivate F'(x) if F(x)=4x^3+2x-1
F'(x)=12x^2+2
Which experiment used unconditioning to remove someone's fear?
The Little Peter Experiment (1924)
Jenny listens to a particular song during her wedding. The song was played during her first dance and throughout the ceremony, which was a highly emotional and joyful event. Now, whenever Jenny hears this song, she feels a wave of happiness and nostalgia. How does classical conditioning explain Jenny's emotional response to the song?
Jenny feels happy when she hears the song (conditioned stimulus) because it was played during her wedding (unconditioned stimulus), which made her feel joy and love (unconditioned response). Now, the song triggers those feelings.
Who developed the theory of "operant conditioning," which differs from Pavlov's classical conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
How can classical conditioning explain the development of phobias in humans?
Phobias can develop through classical conditioning when a neutral stimulus (e.g., a dog) is paired with an aversive event (e.g., a bite or a scary experience).