Biochemistry
molecules that contain carbon
organic molecules
carbohydrates always contain these three elements
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
the head of fatty acids is made up of this group
carboxyl group
the monomers that make up proteins
amino acids
the unequal distribution of charge between atoms of a molecule
dipole
the four most common elements in living organisms
hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen
the monomers that make up carbohydrates
saccharides
fatty acids that contain no double bonds between carbon atoms in their tails
saturated
this bond is formed when amino acids are linked via condensation reactions
peptide bond
the attraction between the partial charges of one molecule with the partial charges of another
hydrogen bond
giant molecules that are formed by the combination of simpler molecules
macromolecules
the oxygen bridge that forms between two monosaccharides after a condensation reaction
glycosidic bond
the type of lipids contained in cell membranes
phospholipids
the structure that forms when a polypeptide chain folds on itself
secondary structure
when the bonds between monomers are broken up by addition of a water molecule
hydrolysis reaction
macromolecules are also known as
polymers
the storage molecule for plants that contains amylose and amylopectin
starch
the reaction between an alcohol and an acid produces this molecule
ester
covalent bonds that form between the sulfur atoms of cysteine amino acids in tertiary protein structure
disulfide bonds
the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C
specific heat capacity
the type of bond that monomers form with one another
covalent bond
a structural polymer of beta glucose found in plants
a type of ester with a glycerol head and three fatty acid tails
triglyceride
a protein with a quaternary structure that forms when multiple proteins are wrapped around one another to form a rope-like structure
fibrous protein
the property of water that allows for the cooling of skin during sweating
high latent heat of vaporisation